Astronomy

The Big Bang theory estimates the age of the universe to be about 13.8 billion years, not the age of the Earth. The Earth itself is about 4.5 billion years old. Therefore, none of the options correctly state the age of the Earth according to the Big Bang theory.

Venus is the brightest planet visible from Earth due to its thick, reflective cloud cover and proximity to Earth, making it the most visible planet in the night sky.

The Great Spot, more commonly known as the Great Red Spot, is a giant storm on Jupiter. It is a persistent high-pressure region producing an anticyclonic storm, making option B (Storm) the correct answer.

Venus is the planet that comes closest to Earth during their orbits, making it the nearest planet to Earth on average. Mercury is closer to the Sun and does not come as close to Earth as Venus does.

Jupiter's strong gravitational field acts as a shield by attracting or deflecting many asteroids and comets, thereby protecting Earth from potential impacts.

Comets orbit the Sun, typically following elliptical paths with varying orbital periods depending on their distance and speed. They do not orbit the Moon or Jupiter as a general rule.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its elemental mass. It is the primary building block of stars and galaxies.

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and therefore has the shortest orbital path and highest orbital speed, making it the fastest planet moving around the Sun.

Venus is the brightest planet visible from Earth and is easily seen with the naked eye, often called the 'Evening Star' or 'Morning Star'. Saturn and Jupiter are visible but not as easily or as brightly as Venus. 'None of these' is incorrect because Venus is clearly visible.

The Great Spot, commonly known as the Great Red Spot, is a giant storm located on Jupiter. It is a well-known feature of the planet and has been observed for centuries.