Biology

Blue light is most effective in photosynthesis because chlorophyll pigments absorb light most efficiently in the blue (around 430-450 nm) and red regions of the spectrum. Green light is least effective as it is mostly reflected, which is why plants appear green.

The scientific study of algae is called Phycology. The other options refer to different fields: Pomology is the study of fruit, Oneriology is the study of dreams, and Trichology is the study of hair and scalp.

The development of calf muscles in ladies who wear high heels is an example of the 'use and disuse of organ' concept, where frequent use of a muscle leads to its development. It is not inheritance of acquired characters, which refers to traits passed genetically to offspring, nor natural or artificial selection.

The diagnosis of anthrax in cattle is commonly made by spore staining, which helps identify Bacillus anthracis spores in blood smears. The Quellung reaction is used for pneumococcal bacteria, and the McFaydean reaction is not a recognized diagnostic test for anthrax.

Arachnology is the branch of zoology that studies spiders and related animals such as scorpions and ticks. Osteology is the study of bones, and pomology is the study of fruit cultivation, so they are incorrect.

In many bird species, male birds are more colorful than female birds to attract mates, while females often have duller colors for camouflage.

Energy is released during respiration as glucose is broken down to produce ATP, which cells use for energy. Photosynthesis, ingestion, and absorption do not release energy; photosynthesis stores energy, while ingestion and absorption are processes of taking in food and nutrients.

cVDPV2 stands for circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus type 2, which is a strain of poliovirus type II that can emerge in under-immunized populations. Therefore, option C, Poliovirus Type-II, is correct.

The nervous system is the main control system of the body as it coordinates all bodily functions by transmitting signals between different parts of the body. While the brain is a part of the nervous system, the system as a whole controls body functions.

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are most commonly found in bacteria, where they replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. They are not typically found in viruses, fungi, or viroids.