Biology

Diabetes is commonly classified into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. There are other forms like gestational diabetes, but the primary classification is into two types.

Earthworms do not have red blood cells; instead, they use a copper-containing molecule called hemocyanin to transport oxygen, which is colorless when deoxygenated and blue when oxygenated. This is unlike vertebrates such as frogs, snakes, and crocodiles, which have red blood cells containing hemoglobin.

Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons. They act as the input region, collecting signals and transmitting them to the cell body.

Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia, a type of megaloblastic anemia caused by impaired DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. It is not associated with insomnia or microcytic anemia, which is typically due to iron deficiency.

Adult dogs typically have 42 teeth, which includes incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. This is a standard anatomical fact in veterinary science.

The BCG vaccine is specifically used to provide immunity against tuberculosis, a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs. It is not effective against whooping cough, viral fevers, or smallpox.

Humans typically have 20 primary or 'milky' teeth, which are later replaced by permanent teeth. This number is standard in human dental development.

Insulin is the hormone responsible for lowering high blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. It is produced by the pancreas, not the stomach, but it controls blood sugar levels throughout the body.

The human eye forms the image of an object on the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. The cornea and lens focus light onto the retina, where photoreceptor cells convert it into neural signals.

Inflammation of the liver is medically known as hepatitis, which is caused by viral infections or other factors. Therefore, hepatitis is the correct answer.