Biology

Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, which is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is not caused by fungus, bacteria, or vitamin deficiency.

Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body because it is highly mineralized, primarily composed of hydroxyapatite crystals, which provide exceptional hardness and durability compared to other body tissues like bone or cartilage.

Chlorophyll primarily absorbs light in the red and blue wavelengths but reflects green light, which is why plants appear green. Therefore, chlorophyll does not absorb green light effectively.

The universal receiver blood group is AB because individuals with this blood type can receive red blood cells from any other blood group (A, B, AB, or O) without risk of immune reaction.

Saliva contains amylase enzymes which begin the digestion of starches in the mouth. Trypsin is found in the small intestine, and 'Bite' is not a component of saliva.

Sponges are simple animals that lack a nervous system, unlike bats, squirrels, and lizards which all have well-developed nervous systems. Therefore, the correct answer is C, Sponges.

The gallbladder is located beneath the liver, where it stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver before releasing it into the small intestine to aid digestion.

William Harvey was the first to accurately describe the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped by the heart throughout the body, which was a groundbreaking discovery in physiology.

Fish are not mammals; they are cold-blooded aquatic animals that breathe through gills. In contrast, cows, goats, and whales are mammals, characterized by warm-bloodedness, hair or fur, and mammary glands.

Rickets is a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency that leads to softening and weakening of bones in children. Therefore, bones are the part of the human body affected by rickets.