Chemistry

The term 'periodicity of property' refers to the repetition of chemical and physical properties of elements at regular intervals when arranged by increasing atomic number, which is the basis of the periodic table.

Sodium carbonate is produced by the Solvay process, also known as the ammonia-soda process. This method uses ammonia, carbon dioxide, and brine to produce sodium carbonate efficiently.

Chemistry fundamentally studies both the composition and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes. Therefore, the soul of chemistry involves understanding the composition and properties of matter together.

Transuranic elements are those with atomic numbers greater than 92, which is the atomic number of uranium, the last naturally occurring element in the periodic table. Elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 are synthetic and are called transuranic.

Water is not optically active because it is an achiral molecule and does not rotate plane-polarized light. Sugar and tartaric acid are chiral and optically active, while sodium chlorate is also optically active due to its chiral crystal structure.

Polymerization is the chemical process of joining small molecules (monomers) to form a large molecule (polymer). This matches the description in the question, making option B correct.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table due to its high effective nuclear charge and small atomic radius, which strongly attracts electrons.

Neon gas is most commonly used in neon signs because it emits a distinct bright red-orange light when an electric current passes through it, making it ideal for colorful lighting displays.

Jabir bin Hayan is widely recognized as the founder of chemistry due to his pioneering work in alchemy and chemical processes during the Islamic Golden Age. The other options are notable scholars but not credited with founding chemistry.

Jabir bin Hayan is widely regarded as the founder of chemistry due to his pioneering work in alchemy and chemical processes. He introduced experimental methodology and systematic classification of substances, which laid the foundation for modern chemistry.