Computer Science

Non-volatile storage retains data even after the power is turned off, unlike volatile storage which loses data when power is lost. Temporary RAM is a type of volatile memory.

The operating system is a type of system software because it manages hardware resources and provides common services for application software, making it the most common example of system software.

Hard real-time systems require strict adherence to deadlines because missing them can lead to catastrophic consequences. Airbag deployment in cars is a classic example, as failure to deploy on time can result in serious injury or death. Other options like video streaming or social media updates are soft real-time or non-real-time systems where deadlines are less critical.

Data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle. Accuracy is a fundamental component because it ensures that data is correct and reliable, which is essential for maintaining data integrity.

DMA stands for Direct Memory Access, which is a feature that allows hardware subsystems to access main system memory independently of the CPU, improving data transfer efficiency.

Delay time (latency) in computing refers to the extra overheads and delays that occur apart from the actual execution and waiting times, such as communication delays or processing overheads.

A hard disk becomes totally inaccessible when its Boot Sector is corrupted by a virus because the Boot Sector contains essential code to start the operating system and access the disk. While the File Allocation Table is important for file management, corruption there typically leads to file access issues rather than total inaccessibility.

Debugging is the process of identifying and removing errors or bugs from computer hardware or software, making it the correct answer. Formatting, encrypting, and compiling do not serve this purpose.

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to read inputs and react within a guaranteed time frame, making it suitable for applications requiring immediate processing. This matches the description in the question, confirming option B as correct.

Google Drive is primarily used for file storage, allowing users to save files online and access them from any device. While it also supports document sharing, its core function is file storage.