English

The word "chasten" means to discipline or correct by punishment or suffering, making "discipline" the correct synonym. The other options do not convey a similar meaning.

The word "imperil" means to put in danger or at risk. "Endanger" is a direct synonym, meaning to expose to harm or danger, making it the correct answer. Other options like "to threaten" and "undermine" are related but not exact synonyms, and "frighten" relates to causing fear, not risk.

The term "lodestar" refers to a star that guides or leads, often used metaphorically to mean a guiding principle or inspiration. Therefore, "guiding principle" is the correct synonym.

The word "iota" means a very small amount or quantity, making "small amount" the correct synonym among the options provided.

The word "pretension" means a claim or assertion of a right or merit. Among the options, "claim" is the closest synonym, making option D correct.

The word "pecuniary" relates to or consists of money. Therefore, the synonym "money" is the correct answer among the options provided.

The word 'nonchalant' means feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed, which matches option A 'calm and casual'. The other options do not accurately reflect the meaning of 'nonchalant'.

The word "endeavor" means to try hard or attempt earnestly to achieve something, making option C the correct synonym. Other options do not match the meaning of "endeavor."

The word "hew" means to chop or cut something, especially wood, with a tool such as an axe. Therefore, "chop" is the correct synonym.

The word "inter" means to bury a dead body in a grave or tomb. Therefore, the synonym "bury" correctly matches the meaning of "inter."