Everyday Science

The large dark patches on the Moon's surface are called 'Maria' (singular: Mare), which means 'seas' in Latin. They are basaltic plains formed by ancient volcanic eruptions and contain no water, hence the name is historical rather than literal.

Venus has the longest day of all the planets listed because it takes about 243 Earth days to complete one rotation on its axis, which is longer than its orbital period and longer than the rotation periods of Jupiter, Mercury, and Earth.

The energy stored in a dam is potential energy because the water is held at a height, and this stored energy can be converted into kinetic energy when the water flows down to generate electricity.

The three main subatomic particles of an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Venus is commonly known as the "morning star" because it is often visible in the sky just before sunrise, shining brightly. None of the other listed planets are referred to by this name.

Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass, which distinguishes it from energy or forces like gravity. Plasma is a state of matter but not the general term.

Mercury's average distance from the Sun is approximately 57.9 million kilometers, which is the accepted astronomical value.

The ozone layer is primarily located in the stratosphere, approximately 30 to 40 kilometers above the Earth's surface, which corresponds to option C. Options A and B are too low, and D is slightly higher than the typical ozone layer altitude.

Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom and have no electric charge, unlike protons which are positively charged and electrons which are negatively charged.

Electrons are negatively charged particles found in atoms, whereas protons are positively charged and neutrons have no charge. Therefore, electrons are the negatively charged particles of an atom.