Everyday Science

The new NASA Moon suit is formally called the Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU), designed for lunar surface exploration. Options B and C are incorrect as 'Spacesuit' is generic and 'Berkut' refers to a Russian suit. Option D is also incorrect.

A huge cloud of gas and dust in the universe is called a nebula. Nebulae are often regions where new stars are born, distinguishing them from constellations, satellites, or meteorites.

Vitamin B-9 is commonly known as Folate. It plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and repair, making option B the correct answer.

Uranus rotates from east to west, which is called retrograde rotation, similar to Venus. Most other planets, including Jupiter, Mars, and Neptune, rotate from west to east (prograde rotation).

Photography works by capturing light reflected from objects onto a photosensitive surface or sensor, which forms an image. It does not involve capturing souls, which is a metaphorical or fictional idea.

Galileo first used an optical telescope to study the moon in 1609, marking a significant advancement in astronomy. This is a well-documented historical fact.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin production or action, leading to abnormal metabolism of glucose and other nutrients. Therefore, it affects the metabolic system.

Vitamin E is chemically known as tocopherol. The other options correspond to different vitamins: Calciferol is vitamin D, Riboflavin is vitamin B2, and Phylloquinone is vitamin K1.

Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch by breaking it down into simpler sugars. It does not digest proteins, lipids, or fats.

The patella, commonly known as the kneecap, is a bone located in the leg. It protects the knee joint and aids in leg movement.