FIA UDC Paper 14-12-2021

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere, primarily focused on weather processes and forecasting. Therefore, option B correctly describes meteorology as the study of the atmosphere for weather forecasting.

Twitter was launched in 2006, making option A the correct answer. The other years listed are incorrect for Twitter's launch date.

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had two sons, Qasim and Abdullah, both of whom died in infancy. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

A landlocked country is one that is completely surrounded by land and has no coastline or direct access to the ocean. Therefore, option B correctly defines a landlocked country.

The first Islamic University in Pakistan, the International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), was established in 1985 in Islamabad. This makes option B the correct answer.

Allama Iqbal's father's name was Sheikh Noor Muhammad. This is a well-documented fact in historical records about Allama Iqbal's family background.

The Battle of Badr (Ghazwa e Badr) took place in the 2nd year of Hijri (2 AH), specifically on the 17th of Ramadan. This is confirmed by multiple authoritative Islamic history sources and is widely accepted in Islamic tradition. Therefore, the correct answer is option A: 2 hijri.

Eratosthenes is known as the Father of Geography because he was the first to calculate the Earth's circumference and created one of the earliest maps of the known world.

The Internet is commonly referred to as both "a network of networks" because it connects multiple smaller networks, and "the Net" as a popular shorthand. Therefore, option C, "Both," is correct.

Pakistan and China signed an agreement in 2019 for the upgrade and development of the ML-1 (Main Line 1) railway track, which is a major part of Pakistan's railway infrastructure.