General Knowledge

Narinder Kapany is widely recognized as the 'father of fiber optics' for his pioneering work in the development of optical fibers for communication. Samuel Cohen invented the cladding technique for optical fibers, but Kapany's contributions are foundational to the field.

Islam Karimov was the first president of Uzbekistan, serving from 1991 until his death in 2016. The other options held different political roles but were not presidents.

Mirza Ghalib, the renowned Urdu and Persian poet, was born on 27 December 1797. This date is well-documented in historical records and biographies about him.

On 23 March 2018, the President of Pakistan, Mamnoon Hussain, conferred various civil awards and medals during an investiture ceremony. However, there is no official or widely recognized record of a new medal named 'Tamgha-e-Azam' being announced on that date. The awards conferred included established medals such as Nishan-e-Pakistan, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, Hilal-e-Imtiaz, Sitara-e-Pakistan, and Sitara-e-Shujaat. The option 'Tamgha-e-Azam' does not appear in official records or credible sources as a newly announced medal on 23 March 2018. Therefore, the question as originally stated is factually incorrect regarding the announcement of a new medal named 'Tamgha-e-Azam'. Since the other options are established awards and no new medal named 'Tamgha-e-Azam' was announced, the question should be corrected to reflect that no new medal was announced on that date or that the question is invalid as stated. Given the options, none correctly answer the question as posed. The best correction is to clarify that no new medal named 'Tamgha-e-Azam' was announced on 23 March 2018. Hence, the original answer 'D' is incorrect as a new medal announcement. The correct factual information is that no new medal named 'Tamgha-e-Azam' was announced on 23 March 2018 by the President of Pakistan.

Sana'a is the capital city of Yemen, making option D the correct answer. The other options are capitals of different countries.

The Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, followed by the Tajiks, who form the second largest group. This is a well-established demographic fact about Afghanistan's ethnic composition.

Eyeglasses were invented in Italy in the late 13th century, with the earliest credible evidence pointing to around 1286-1290. Multiple authoritative sources confirm that the invention of eyeglasses occurred between 1268 and 1300, with 1286 being the commonly accepted approximate year. Therefore, option B (1286) is the correct answer, not option D (1486).

The World Economic Forum is headquartered in Cologny, Switzerland, which is a municipality near Geneva. This is the official and well-known location of its main office.

Denmark's national anthem, "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast," is considered the oldest national anthem in the world, dating back to the early 16th century. The other options have anthems that were adopted later.

Taipei is the capital city of Taiwan, making option C the correct answer. The other options are countries with different capitals.