Geography

The term 'Geography' was first coined by the Greek scholar Eratosthenes around 234 BC. He is known as the 'Father of Geography' for his contributions to the field, including the first measurement of the Earth's circumference.

The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world due to its location near the equator and its relatively enclosed geography, which allows it to retain heat more effectively than other oceans.

The "Ring of Fire" refers to the area around the edges of the Pacific Ocean basin characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, making the Pacific Ocean the correct answer.

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest, shallowest, and coldest ocean in the world, distinguishing it from the Pacific and Indian Oceans which are larger and deeper.

There are 360 degrees of longitude on the globe, representing the full circle around the Earth from the Prime Meridian eastward and westward to 180 degrees each way, totaling 360 lines of longitude.

The distance of a place north or south of the equator is called latitude. Longitude measures east or west distance from the Prime Meridian. Aptitude is unrelated to geographic coordinates.

Lines of latitude, also called parallels, are imaginary lines that circle the Earth east-west and measure the distance north or south of the Equator. Latitude is measured in degrees from 0° at the Equator to 90° at the North Pole and 90° at the South Pole. This means there are 90 degrees of latitude north and 90 degrees south, totaling 180 degrees of latitude lines (parallels) around the Earth. Therefore, the correct answer is 180 (option B).

The Red Sea is known as the world's warmest sea due to its high temperatures, especially in the summer months, often exceeding 30°C (86°F). This is because it is located in a hot desert region with limited water exchange, leading to higher water temperatures compared to other seas.

A peninsula is a landform surrounded by water on three sides, making option C the correct answer. A strait is a narrow water passage, a bay is a body of water partially enclosed by land, and a gulf is a large bay, so these do not fit the description.

The International Date Line roughly follows the 180° longitude line but deviates eastward in the Bering Strait region to avoid splitting the Diomede Islands between Russia and the United States. It passes through the Bering Strait, making option C the correct answer. Other straits listed do not intersect with the International Date Line.