History

Ghiyasuddin Balban, the ninth Sultan of Delhi from the Mamluk dynasty, assumed the title 'Zill-e-Ilahi' which means 'Shadow of God.' This title emphasized his divine right to rule and was part of his efforts to establish strong centralized authority and court discipline. Although the Mughal emperor Akbar also used a similar title, the specific title 'Zill-e-Ilahi' is historically attributed to Balban among the Delhi Sultanate rulers. The other options did not use this title.

Barhamo Samraj (Brahmo Samaj) was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, not Ram Mohan Roy as listed in option B. Since the name in option B is incorrect, the closest correct answer is 'None of These'.

Mohenjo Daro and Harappa, the two major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, were first discovered in the early 1920s. Harappa was discovered in 1921, and Mohenjo Daro was recognized as an archaeological site in 1922. These discoveries marked the beginning of the study of the Indus Valley Civilization. The year 1909 is incorrect for their discovery; the correct period is the 1920s.

The last emperor to sit on the Peacock Throne was Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor. Muhammad Shah was an earlier emperor who also used the throne, but he was not the last. Bahadur Shah Zafar reigned until 1857, after which the Mughal Empire effectively ended.

Fort William College was established in 1799 by Lord Wellesley in Calcutta to train British administrators in Indian languages and culture. Therefore, option A (1799) is the correct answer.

“Tahqiq-i-Hind” is a famous scholarly work written by Al-Beruni, who was a renowned Persian scholar and historian. This work is a detailed study of Indian culture, science, and religion.

The Bhamala Stupa is an ancient Buddhist stupa located in Pakistan, specifically near Haripur in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. This makes option C the correct answer.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began on 10 May 1857 in Meerut, where Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army revolted against their British officers. This event is widely recognized as the starting point of the rebellion.

Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia, an ancient kingdom located in the northern part of Greece. He is historically known as the Macedonian king who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

The Indian Patriotic Association was formed by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in 1883 to promote loyalty to the British government and advance the interests of Indian Muslims. Therefore, option B (1883) is the correct answer.

Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem) was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate under Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in 637 AD, marking a significant event in Islamic history.

Indira Gandhi famously declared that she had drowned the 'Two Nation Theory' in the Bay of Bengal after the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to the creation of Bangladesh and challenged the basis for Pakistan's partition.

Razia Sultana was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in India, making her the first woman ruler of India. The other options were influential women but did not rule as sovereigns.

The book "Rajatarangini" is a historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly Kashmir, written by the Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century.

The East India Company acquired the Island of Bombay in 1668 from Portugal as part of the dowry of Catherine of Braganza when she married King Charles II of England. This transfer marked the beginning of British control over Bombay.

Ibadat Khana was a special prayer house built by Mughal Emperor Akbar in Fatehpur Sikri, used for religious discussions and debates.

The original name of Sultan Siraj-ud-Daulah, the last independent Nawab of Bengal, was Khizr Sultan. This is a well-documented historical fact, distinguishing him from the other options listed.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is known as Bangabandhu, which means 'Friend of Bengal,' due to his leadership in Bangladesh's independence movement and his dedication to the Bengali people.

Ustad Isa (also known as Ustad Ahmad) is traditionally credited as the chief architect of the Taj Mahal in Agra, commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The other options are either unrelated architects or historical figures.

Shah Jahan was the Mughal emperor immediately before Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb was Shah Jahan's son and succeeded him after a war of succession.

Vasco da Gama was the first European to discover a direct sea route to India in 1498 by sailing around the Cape of Good Hope, establishing a maritime path for trade between Europe and Asia.

The penultimate Viceroy of British India was Lord Wavell, who served from 1943 to 1947. He was succeeded by Lord Mountbatten, who was the last Viceroy and oversaw the transfer of power to independent India and Pakistan in 1947. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Lord Wavell.

Emperor Jahangir is historically known for prohibiting the use of tobacco in his empire, as he considered it harmful and issued strict orders against its consumption. None of the other listed emperors are recorded to have imposed such a ban.

Rukn-ud-Din Feroz, a ruler of the Slave Dynasty, is historically noted to have died while playing polo. This distinguishes him from other rulers like Qutb-ud-Aibak, Aram Shah, and Shams-ud-Din Iltutmish, who died under different circumstances.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled the Punjab region approximately from 1799 to 1839, which is about 40 years. This period marks his leadership and consolidation of the Sikh Empire in Punjab.