History

Muhammad bin Qasim, the Umayyad general who led the conquest of Sindh, died in 716 AD. Historical records generally agree on the year 716 AD for his death, making option B correct.

The fall of Granada occurred in 1492 A.D., marking the end of the Reconquista and the completion of the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula.

European rulers captured Jerusalem, a key city in Palestine, during the First Crusade in 1099. This event marked the establishment of Crusader states in the region.

The Crimean War was fought primarily between Russia and an alliance including the Ottoman Empire, Britain, France, and Sardinia from 1853 to 1856. Therefore, the correct answer is Russia and Ottomans.

The Fatimid Caliphate officially ended in 1171 AD when the last Fatimid caliph died and Saladin, who had become the real power in Egypt, formally abolished the Fatimid Caliphate and established the Ayyubid dynasty. This is well documented in authoritative historical sources such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Therefore, the correct answer is 1171 AD, which corresponds to option C.

Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 and thus was effectively part of the Axis powers, but many Austrians also fought with the Allies, especially in resistance movements and after the war started. Italy and Japan were Axis powers only, and Poland fought solely with the Allies. Therefore, Austria is the best answer as it was involved on both sides in different capacities.

The Russian Revolution took place in 1917, marking the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and leading to the rise of the Soviet Union. This is a well-established historical fact.

The Arabs conquered the Roman provinces of Syria and Egypt during the early Islamic expansions in the 7th century, effectively divesting these regions from Roman (Byzantine) control.

British colonial policies were generally harsh, involving strict control, economic exploitation, and suppression of dissent in their colonies. This harshness was characteristic of their governance approach during the colonial era.

Abraham Lincoln is credited with abolishing slavery in America through the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and supporting the 13th Amendment, which formally abolished slavery in 1865.