History

The first native state to conclude a formal Subsidiary Alliance with the East India Company was Hyderabad under the Nizam in 1798. This system was introduced by Lord Wellesley as a method of indirect control, where Indian rulers accepted British protection and stationed British troops in their territories, ceding control of foreign affairs to the Company. Although Awadh (Avadh) had treaties with the Company earlier, these were not formal Subsidiary Alliances as introduced by Wellesley. Hyderabad was the first to enter into this formal arrangement, followed by other states like Mysore and Awadh later.

Orissa (now Odisha) was separated from Bihar and became a separate province under the Government of India Act of 1935, which came into effect in 1936. Hence, the correct answer is the Act of 1936.

Jalal-ud-Din Khilji was the founder of the Khilji dynasty in the Delhi Sultanate, establishing the Khilji Empire. Alauddin Khilji was his successor, while Babur and Akbar belonged to the Mughal Empire, not the Khilji dynasty.

Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of Shah Jahan, gave birth to fourteen children during their marriage, but only seven survived infancy. This is well documented in historical records, including Encyclopaedia Britannica. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Fourteen).

The Mughal Empire is widely regarded as India's last golden age due to its significant achievements in art, architecture, culture, and administration during its peak. Neither the Ottoman Empire nor Safavid Persia ruled India, so options A and B are incorrect, and option D is not applicable.

The War of Independence, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, started in the year 1857. This is a well-documented historical fact.

The Temple of Somnath is located near the western coast of India in the state of Gujarat, close to the Arabian Sea peninsula. This makes option C (Gujrat) the correct answer.

Firoz Shah Tughlaq is historically known for constructing an extensive network of canals in India, significantly improving irrigation and agriculture during his reign. This distinguishes him from other rulers listed, who are not credited with such large-scale canal building.

The Masjid-i Jahān-Numā, commonly known as the Jama Masjid of Delhi, was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan between 1644 and 1656. It is one of the largest mosques in India and a significant example of Mughal architecture.

The title 'Hazrat-i-Ala' was associated with Alauddin Khilji, a ruler of the Khilji dynasty known for his strong administration and military campaigns. The other rulers listed did not commonly bear this title.