Islamic Studies

According to Islamic law (Shariah), the punishment for adultery (zina) depends on the marital status of the offender. For an unmarried person who commits adultery, the prescribed punishment is flogging with 100 lashes, as stated in the Quran (Surah An-Nur 24:2). For a married person who commits adultery, the punishment is stoning to death (rajm) according to classical Islamic jurisprudence. The lashes are meant to be moderate and are carried out publicly as a deterrent. Therefore, the correct answer for the number of lashes prescribed for adultery in Islam is 100 lashes, which corresponds to option D.

The city of Taif is approximately 70 kilometers away from Makkah by road. This distance is commonly referenced in geographic and travel contexts related to these cities in Saudi Arabia.

Hazrat Ali is known as 'Bab-ul-Ilm' which translates to 'the gateway to knowledge' due to his profound wisdom and knowledge in Islamic teachings.

The verse "إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ" is from Surah An-Nasr (Chapter 110) in the Quran. This surah is known for this specific verse, making option B the correct answer.

The word "Baqara" in Arabic translates to "Cow" in English. Surah Al-Baqara is named after the story of the cow mentioned within the chapter, making option D the correct answer.

The Battle of Badr occurred in the 2nd year after Hijrah (2 Hijrah), specifically on the 17th of Ramadan, corresponding to March 13, 624 CE. Approximately 313 Muslims fought in this battle, including 82 Muhajirun and 231 Ansar (61 from Aws and 170 from Khazraj tribes). Therefore, the correct answer is option A (2 Hijrah).

The Ghazwa Ghatfan was fought in 4 AH (after Hijra). This battle involved the Muslim forces against the tribe of Ghatafan and took place during the early years of the Islamic calendar.

Hazrat Ali (RA) is well-known in Islamic tradition for his knowledge and interpretation of dreams, unlike the other Sahabah listed. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Bilal ibn Rabah is historically recognized as the first muezzin who called the adhan (azan) for the Fajr (dawn) prayer, marking the start of the Islamic call to prayer tradition.

Historical sources confirm that Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib conquered the fort of al-Qamus during the Battle of Khaybar in 629 CE. Earlier attempts to capture the fort by Abu Bakr and Umar failed. The Prophet Muhammad then gave the banner to Ali, who, despite being ill, led the assault, killed the Jewish champion Marhab in single combat at the fort's gate, and used the fort's massive gate as a shield to breach the fortress. This victory was pivotal in the Muslim conquest of Khaybar. Therefore, option A (Ali) is correct.