Islamic Studies

Historical and traditional Islamic accounts indicate that Hazrat Umar R.A embraced Islam after hearing the recitation of verses from Surah Taha (Chapter 20 of the Quran) at his sister's house. The verses deeply moved him and led to his acceptance of Islam. Although some sources mention Surah Al-Hadid, the most commonly accepted and cited Surah influencing his conversion is Surah Taha. Therefore, the correct answer is Surah Taha, not Surah Al-Ma'idah.

The nisab (minimum amount) of gold for zakat is 5 tola, which is equivalent to approximately 85 grams. This is the threshold above which zakat becomes obligatory on gold holdings.

Allama Iqbal's mother's name was Zainab Bibi. Therefore, option A is correct, and the other options are incorrect.

Sadaqah al-Fitr (Zakat al-Fitr) was established by the Prophet Muhammad in the 2nd year of Hijri (2 Hijri). This is widely accepted among Islamic scholars and historical sources. It was made obligatory as a charity given before Eid-ul-Fitr prayers to purify fasting persons from any shortcomings during Ramadan. The 2 Hijri date aligns with the timing of the commandment and the early Muslim community's practices.

Allama Iqbal's father's name was Sheikh Noor Muhammad, making option B the correct answer.

According to Islamic jurisprudence, zakat is due on goats when the number reaches the nisab of 40 animals. Goats are included under the category of sheep for zakat purposes. If a person owns 40 or more goats that are pastured (not fed purchased feed), zakat becomes obligatory. The zakat due is 1 goat if the number of goats is between 40 and 120, 2 goats if between 121 and 200, and so on. Therefore, the correct answer is C (40 goats).

The nisab (minimum amount) of gold on which zakat is due is universally accepted as 85 grams of pure (24 karat) gold. This is based on the traditional measure of 20 mithqaal, where 1 mithqaal equals approximately 4.25 grams, totaling 85 grams. None of the given options exactly match this standard nisab. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of these' since the closest options (74.23, 92.62, and 87.48 grams) do not correspond to the established nisab of 85 grams.

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had two sons, Qasim and Abdullah, both of whom died in infancy. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

The Charter of Madina, also known as the Constitution of Madina, contained 47 articles or clauses, with some sources mentioning 53 clauses depending on the interpretation and inclusion of sub-clauses. Option A reflects this range accurately.

There are two prayers in Islam that do not have an Azan: the Sunnah prayers before Fajr and the Witr prayer. The five daily obligatory prayers each have an Azan, but these additional prayers do not require it.