Islamic Studies

The book 'Tareekh-ul-Umam wal Muluk' (also known as 'Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk') was written by Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, a renowned early Islamic historian. This work is a universal history covering the history of various nations and kings. Al-Waqidi is known for other historical works but not this one. Therefore, the correct author is Ibn-e-Jareer Tabari, option C.

Abu Sufyan was the commander of the Quraysh (referred to as the 'Infidels' in this context) during the Battle of Uhud. He led the Meccan forces against the Muslims. Abu Jahal was a prominent opponent but not the overall commander, and Khalid bin Walid initially fought for the Quraysh but later converted to Islam.

Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) gave the key of Bait Ullah permanently to Hazrat Usman bin Talha, who was known for his trustworthiness and care of the Kaaba keys. This is a well-documented historical fact in Islamic tradition.

According to Islamic teachings, there are 8 specific categories (Masarif) to which Zakat can be distributed, as outlined in the Quran (Surah At-Tawbah 9:60). Therefore, the correct number of heads/masarif of Zakat is 8.

Surah An-Nasr (The Help or Victory), the 110th chapter of the Quran, is widely regarded by scholars as the last complete Surah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It was revealed during the Farewell Pilgrimage shortly after the conquest of Mecca. While some individual verses from other Surahs (such as from Surah Al-Ma'idah and Surah At-Tawbah) were revealed after it, no entire Surah was revealed after Surah An-Nasr. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, Al-Nasr. Options A (Al-Falaq) and B (Al-Nas) are not considered the last revealed Surah, and option D (None of these) is incorrect given the evidence.

Surah At-Tawbah (Surah Toba) is the only chapter in the Quran that does not begin with the phrase 'Bismillah' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful). All other surahs start with Bismillah except this one.

As of mid-2024, the current Islamic year is 1446 AH. The Islamic calendar is lunar-based and started in 622 CE. Therefore, option B is correct, not C.

Hazrat Talha and Hazrat Zubair (R.A) were martyred in the Battle of Jamal, which was a significant conflict during the early Islamic period. This battle is historically known for their participation and martyrdom.

The Ramayana is a major religious epic of Hinduism, making option A the correct answer. The Bible and Injeel are religious texts associated with Christianity and Islam, respectively, so they are incorrect in this context.

The title 'Zou-Shadatian' is attributed to Hazrat Huzaifa Bin Yaman (رضی اللہ عنہ), who was known by this title due to his close companionship with the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم). Therefore, option B is correct.