Islamic Studies

The conquest of Makkah occurred in the 8th year after Hijrah (8 AH), specifically in the month of Ramadan. Historical sources confirm that the Muslim army, led by Prophet Muhammad, entered Makkah peacefully around the 20th of Ramadan in 8 AH, which corresponds to December 629 or January 630 CE. Therefore, the correct answer is 'A' (8th Hijrah). The original answer 'B' (7th Hijrah) is incorrect.

Hazrat Yosuf (Joseph) AS is known in Islamic tradition for his ability to interpret dreams, as described in the Quran. This distinguishes him from the other prophets listed, making option B the correct answer.

Hazrat Ayub (AS) is renowned in Islamic tradition for his extraordinary patience and steadfastness during severe trials and hardships, making 'Patience' the correct attribute associated with him.

The attribute 'Albari' refers to Allah as 'The Maker' or 'The Creator,' emphasizing His role in creating and shaping all things. This matches option B, making it the correct answer.

Syed Ahmad Shaheed is historically known for his efforts to eradicate religious innovations (bid'ah) and revive pure Islamic teachings through his reformist movement in the 19th century. While Shah Walli Ullah and Haji Shariat Ullah were also reformers, Syed Ahmad Shaheed's mission was specifically focused on combating innovations in religion.

Historical and scholarly sources confirm that the title 'Ameer-ul Momineen' (Commander of the Faithful) was first adopted by Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), the second Caliph of Islam, after the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA). While Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was the first Caliph, the specific title 'Ameer-ul Momineen' was first used officially by Hazrat Umar (RA) to denote his leadership over the Muslim community. This is supported by multiple Islamic historical references and encyclopedic sources such as Britannica and Wikipedia.

Hazrat Um-e-Salma (RA) was alive during the time of the Karbala tragedy in 680 AD, whereas Hazrat Ayesha (RA) and Hazrat Khadija (RA) had passed away before that event. Therefore, option A is correct.

According to Islamic scholarly sources, Prophet Ayub (AS) is a descendant of Prophet Ibrahim (AS) through the lineage of Ishaq (Isaac) and Esau, but Ibrahim (AS) is not his material grandfather. The genealogy is given as Ayub ibn Musa ibn Razeh ibn Esau ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim. This means Ibrahim (AS) is an ancestor several generations back, not the immediate grandfather. Therefore, none of the options A (Hazrat Ibrahim AS), B (Hazrat Loot AS), or C (Hazrat Noah AS) is the material grandfather of Hazrat Ayub AS. The correct answer is D (None of these).

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said that if he were not the last prophet, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) would have been the prophet. This is a well-known narration in Islamic tradition, highlighting the high status of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo was commissioned in 970 CE and completed in 972 CE. The first Friday prayers were held there on June 22, 972 during Ramadan. This is the most commonly accepted completion date according to multiple authoritative sources including Wikipedia. The option 920 AD is too early and 980 AD is slightly late. Therefore, the correct answer is B (972 AD).