Islamic Studies

The Holy Quran mentions seven categories (masarif) for the distribution of Zakat in Surah At-Tawbah (9:60). Therefore, the correct number is 7, not 8.

Anas Bin Malik (R.A) is widely recognized as the last surviving Sahabi (companion of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH) who died around 93 AH, outliving other companions such as Hazrat Haris, Salman al-Farsi, and Abu Dhar al-Ghifari.

The phrase 'Al-Quran-ul-Hakeem' (The Wise Quran) appears in Surah Al Imran (3:1). It is not found in Surah Yaseen, Nisa, or Maeda. Therefore, option A is correct.

Al-Khwarizmi, a Muslim mathematician, wrote the first book on algebra titled "Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala," which laid the foundations of algebra as a mathematical discipline.

Jizya is a historical tax levied on non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) in an Islamic state, essentially a poll-tax. This distinguishes it from other forms of taxation and income, making option B the most accurate definition.

The Great Mosque of Mecca, also known as Masjid al-Haram, is the largest mosque in the world by area and capacity, making option B the correct answer.

Hazrat Maryam (A.S) is known in Islamic tradition as the daughter of Imran. This is supported by Quranic references where her father is called Imran.

Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas is known as Tarjuman ul Quran (the interpreter of the Quran) due to his deep knowledge and understanding of the Quranic text and its meanings.

Haleema Sadia, also known as Halima Sa'diya (R.A), was the foster mother of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Her full name includes 'Ummay Kabtah' as her surname, which is historically recognized in Islamic tradition.

Hazrat Umar (R.A) served as the second Caliph of Islam for approximately 10 years and 5 months, from 634 CE to 644 CE. This duration is well documented in Islamic history sources and is widely accepted by historians. Therefore, the correct answer is option C: 10 years 5 months.