Mathematics

“5 percent” means 5/100. So 5% of 5 = (5/100)×5 = 25/100 = 0.25, which matches option A.

The pattern in the sequence is: add 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 to each previous number. The last number should be 65 (50 + 15), not 64. Therefore, 64 is the odd one out.

To cut one roll into 10 pieces, the tailor needs 9 cuts per roll. In 24 minutes at 45 cuts per minute, he makes 24 × 45 = 1080 cuts. 1080 cuts ÷ 9 cuts per roll = 120 rolls.

The pattern in the sequence is that each number is multiplied by 2 and then 1 is added: 16×2+1=33, 33×2-1=65, 65×2+1=131, 131×2-1=261, 261×2+1=523. Thus, the missing number is 523.

25% of 150 is calculated as (25/100) × 150 = 37.5. Therefore, the correct answer is 37.5.

The formula (7-3) × (1+6) / 4 evaluates as follows: (7-3) = 4, (1+6) = 7, so 4 × 7 = 28, then 28 / 4 = 7. Therefore, the correct answer is 7, which corresponds to option A.

"Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa’l-muqābala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) was written by Al-Khwarizmi, who is considered the father of algebra. This work laid the foundations for algebra as a discipline.

The Ciprian Foias Prize is awarded in the field of Mathematics, recognizing outstanding contributions in this area. Ciprian Foias was a renowned mathematician, and the prize named after him honors achievements in mathematical research.

A right-angled prism, commonly known as a rectangular prism or cuboid, has 6 faces. These include the top, bottom, front, back, and two side faces.

Euclid is known as the Father of Geometry because of his foundational work 'Elements,' which systematically organized the principles of geometry.