Pakistan Studies

The first general elections in Pakistan were held on December 7, 1970. This is confirmed by multiple authoritative sources including historical records and election archives. Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Dec 7, 1970.

According to the Constitution of Pakistan and the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the National Assembly, a bill can originate in either the National Assembly or the Senate, except for money bills which must originate in the National Assembly. After the originating house passes the bill, it is sent to the other house for approval. If the second house passes the bill without amendment or fails to act within 90 days, the bill is deemed approved and sent to the President for assent. The President must assent within 10 days for the bill to become law. Therefore, for a bill introduced by the Prime Minister, who is a member of the National Assembly, it is necessary to get the bill approved by the National Assembly first. The Senate and the President also play roles in the legislative process, but the initial and necessary approval for a Prime Minister's bill is from the National Assembly.

The Simla Conference was held in 1945. It was convened by the British government to discuss constitutional reforms in India during World War II. Therefore, option B (1945) is correct, not A (1944).

Chaj Doab is the region of land lying between the Chenab and Jhelum rivers, making option B correct. The other options refer to different doabs or river pairs in the Punjab region.

Shandur Pass is a high mountain pass that connects Chitral with Gilgit in northern Pakistan, making option B correct.

The Khyber Pass is a mountain pass connecting Peshawar in Pakistan with Kabul in Afghanistan, historically serving as a key trade route and strategic military location.

The word 'Urdu' is derived from the Persian word 'ordu' meaning 'army' or 'camp'. Therefore, Urdu is a Persian-origin word, not Turkish.

Both Attock Fort and Lahore Fort were built or significantly developed during Akbar's reign, making option D (A & B) the correct answer. Akbar constructed Attock Fort to secure the northwestern frontier, and he also rebuilt and expanded Lahore Fort.

Khojak Pass is a mountain pass in Pakistan connecting Qila Abdullah with Chaman in Balochistan. It is not known by the name Toba Chaman. Toba Chaman is a different pass near the town of Chaman. The other options, Toba Afghanistan and Toba Kaker, are also not alternate names for Khojak Pass. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D' (None of them).

The first published Urdu book is historically recognized as 'Mirat-ul-Uroos' by Deputy Nazir Ahmad, published in 1868-1869, which is considered the first original Urdu novel. 'Dan Majlis' (also known as 'Dastan-e-Amir Hamza' or 'Bāgh-o-Bahār' by Mir Amman) is an early and important Urdu prose work but not the first published Urdu book. The other options, 'Pir-e-Kamil' and 'Aab-e-Hayat', are much later works. Therefore, among the given options, none is the first published Urdu book, making 'None of these' the correct answer.