Pakistan Studies

The New Islamabad International Airport has an ultimate capacity of about 30 million passengers per annum, which is the highest among the given options and matches official capacity figures.

The voter turnout in the 1997 general elections in Pakistan was approximately 35.79%, according to multiple reliable sources including the Election Commission of Pakistan and Wikipedia. This confirms that option B (35%) is the correct answer, not 45% as originally stated. The turnout was notably low compared to other elections, reflecting low voter engagement at that time.

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580-1611) was the last ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty and founder of Hyderabad city in 1591. He was a celebrated poet-king whose court language was Persian and Urdu, and he admired and incorporated words from local Dravidian languages like Telugu. However, the modern Sindhi alphabet was not created during his reign. The Sindhi alphabet in its present Perso-Arabic form was devised much later, in 1853, when the British East India Company appointed Sir Barrow Ellis, the collector of Hyderabad, to adapt the Arabic script by adding a series of dots to expand its 29 letters into the 52-letter Sindhi alphabet that has been used ever since. Earlier indigenous scripts existed, notably the Khudabadi alphabet invented in 1550 CE by the Sindhi mercantile community. The name Abul Hassan Sagheer Sindhi (also known as Aben-al-Hassan) is historically credited with preparing the Sindhi letters by formalizing the Perso-Arabic script for Sindhi. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Aben-al-Hassan. The other options, including Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, are not historically associated with the creation of the Sindhi alphabet.

The Badshahi Mosque in Lahore was built by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Construction started in 1671 and was completed in 1673. Shah Jahan, although a prominent Mughal emperor, was not the builder of this mosque. Aurangzeb is historically credited with commissioning the Badshahi Mosque, which is one of the largest and most famous mosques in the world, showcasing Mughal architecture.

Dargai Pass is a mountain pass in Pakistan that connects Mardan with Malakand. This is a well-known geographical fact in the region.

The University of Sindh, commonly known as Sindh University Jamshoro, was established in 1947. It was initially founded in Karachi and later relocated to Jamshoro. Therefore, the correct establishment year is 1947, corresponding to option D.

Pervez Musharraf resigned as President of Pakistan on August 18, 2008. This date is confirmed by multiple reliable sources including Wikipedia, NPR, The Guardian, and other news outlets. The resignation was announced in a televised address and was part of a political process to avoid impeachment. Therefore, the correct answer is option D (Aug 2008).

The voter turnout in the 1988 general elections in Pakistan was approximately 42.7 percent, according to detailed reports and analyses from the Election Commission of Pakistan and scholarly sources. This figure is slightly higher than 41 percent and is the most accurate based on official data. Therefore, option B (42) is the correct answer. The turnout reflects the political engagement during that election period, which was marked by a return to party-based elections after a period of non-party elections under military rule.

Air Chief Marshal M. Asghar Khan is widely recognized as the Father of the Pakistan Air Force due to his foundational role and leadership in establishing the PAF as an independent and effective air force.

According to the Constitution of Pakistan and parliamentary procedures, a vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister can be declared by the opposition if the Prime Minister loses the confidence of the National Assembly, which can be due to political reasons including violation of the Constitution or failure to perform duties. The motion requires the support of at least 20% of the members to be introduced and a simple majority to pass. Mental or physical health issues are not formal grounds for such a motion, nor are allegations like conspiring with another state without constitutional or legal basis. The opposition's ability to move a no-confidence vote is grounded in constitutional and political legitimacy rather than specific personal conditions of the Prime Minister.