Physics

Static equilibrium refers to a state where an object is at rest and all forces and torques are balanced, so there is no motion. Dynamic equilibrium involves motion with balanced forces or torques. Therefore, static equilibrium is not a type of dynamic equilibrium.

Radioactivity is a nuclear phenomenon because it originates from changes in the nucleus of an unstable atom. It is a spontaneous process and does not depend on chemical reactions or external conditions like temperature or pressure.

Physics is fundamental to technology and engineering because it studies the principles governing matter and energy, which are essential for designing and understanding technological devices and engineering systems.

A neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge, meaning its charge is zero. This distinguishes it from protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge).

Alpha particles (α-rays) are helium nuclei and have mass, traveling at about 5% to 10% of the speed of light. Beta particles (β-rays) are high-energy electrons or positrons that can travel at speeds close to but less than the speed of light, typically around 0.9c to 0.99c. Gamma rays (γ-rays) are electromagnetic radiation and travel at the speed of light in vacuum, which is the maximum possible speed. Therefore, γ-rays possess the maximum velocity among the given options.

The average distance an alpha particle travels in air before losing its ionizing power is called its 'range'. This term specifically refers to how far the particle can penetrate before it stops ionizing the medium.

Gamma rays are highly penetrating electromagnetic radiation, which allows them to pass through materials and effectively kill bacteria and other microorganisms, making them suitable for sterilizing surgical equipment.

The curie (Ci) is defined as 3.7 × 10^10 disintegrations per second, which is the standard unit of radioactivity. Option B correctly states this value.

The dimension of force is given by mass × acceleration. Mass has dimension M, and acceleration has dimension LT⁻², so force has dimension MLT⁻², which corresponds to option B.

The number 0.0173 has three significant figures: 1, 7, and 3. Leading zeros are not counted as significant figures.