Computer Science

Cache memory acts as a buffer between the CPU and main memory by storing frequently accessed data and instructions, thereby reducing the time the CPU takes to access data from the slower main memory.

Secondary memory is accessed through transfer methods that move data between storage devices and the computer system. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of primary memory, not a method for accessing secondary storage.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory because it loses its data when power is turned off, unlike ROM, BIOS, and PROM which are non-volatile.

Among the given options, Terabyte is the largest unit of storage. A Terabyte is larger than a Gigabyte and a Byte, making it the correct answer.

265 RAM refers to a type of memory that allows both reading and writing operations, which corresponds to Read-Write Memory. This distinguishes it from Read Only Memory (ROM) and its programmable variants.

1 Zettabyte (ZB) equals 1024 Exabytes (EB) because data storage units are based on powers of 2, where each unit is 1024 times the previous one.

RAM (Random Access Memory) is located on the motherboard of a computer, typically in dedicated memory slots. It is not found on external drives or expansion boards.

Main memory (RAM) temporarily holds data and processing instructions while the CPU needs them, enabling quick access during processing. ROM is permanent storage, and the Control Unit directs operations but does not store data temporarily.

1 Yottabyte (YB) equals 1024 Zettabytes (ZB) because data storage units increase by powers of 1024 in binary prefixes. Hence, 1 YB = 1024 ZB.

Primary storage (such as RAM) is typically faster but more expensive than secondary storage (like hard drives or SSDs). Therefore, it is fast and expensive compared to secondary storage.

One Petabyte (PB) is equal to 1024 Terabytes (TB) because data storage units are based on powers of 2, where 1 PB = 1024 TB.

Eight bits make up one byte, which is a fundamental unit of digital information storage in computer science.

A Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) digit is represented using 4 bits, as each decimal digit (0-9) is encoded in a 4-bit binary form.

Computers store data in binary form because they operate using two states (0 and 1), which correspond to electrical off and on states. Decimal, hexadecimal, and octal are number systems used for human readability or programming convenience, but the underlying storage is binary.

A computer requires a program to perform any task; the program provides instructions that the computer executes. While a memory chip stores data, it alone does not enable the computer to do anything without a program.

1 KB (kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes, which is the standard definition in computing. 1 MB (megabyte) equals 1024 KB, not 1024 bytes, and 1 KB is not equal to 8 bytes. Therefore, option B is the correct statement.

A number system with eight symbols (0 to 7) is called the Octal system. Binary uses two symbols, Decimal uses ten, so Octal is the correct answer.

Unicode expanded to a 21-bit code space means it can represent 2^21 code points. 2^21 equals 2,097,152, but Unicode only uses code points up to U+10FFFF, which is 1,114,112 code points, making option C correct.

A bit is the basic unit of information in computing and can have one of two values: 0 or 1. The term '1 or 0' correctly reflects this binary nature, whereas '1 and 0' or '1 only' are incorrect. 'Memory' is unrelated to the definition of a bit.

ASCII originally uses 7 bits to represent characters, allowing for 128 unique symbols. However, it is often stored or transmitted using 8 bits, with the extra bit sometimes used for parity or extended characters, so both 7 or 8 bits are correct depending on context.

Two 16-bit words typically represent a 32-bit floating-point number, which provides about 6 to 9 decimal digits of precision. The closest standard approximation is about 6 digits of accuracy, making option B correct.

One kilobyte (KB) is defined as 1024 bytes in computer science, based on the binary system where 1 KB = 2^10 bytes. Therefore, option B (1024) is correct.

1 Gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1024 Megabytes (MB) in the binary system commonly used in computer science. Therefore, option B is correct.

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, which is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. This makes option A the correct answer.

EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code, which is a character encoding system used primarily on IBM mainframe and midrange computer systems.