Computer Science

Peripheral devices are typically connected to the motherboard, which provides the necessary ports and interfaces for communication with the CPU and other components.

The primary input device for a computer system is the keyboard, as it allows users to input data and commands directly into the computer. Monitors, speakers, and printers are output devices, not input devices.

John McCarthy developed LISP in 1958 at MIT specifically for artificial intelligence research, making him the correct answer. The other options are notable computer scientists but not related to LISP's creation.

An input device is used to enter data into a computer, such as a keyboard or mouse. Output devices display or present data from the computer, so they do not enter data.

A computer at home can be used for multiple purposes including record keeping, watching movies and games, and making budgets, so the correct answer is 'All of these'.

Dennis Ritchie developed the C programming language in 1972 at Bell Labs, making option B the correct answer. The other options are notable figures in computing but unrelated to the creation of C.

Intelligence is a key characteristic that distinguishes humans from computers, as humans can think, reason, and understand context, whereas computers operate based on programmed instructions without true understanding.

Guido van Rossum created the Python programming language and released it in 1991. The other options are creators of different programming languages: James Gosling (Java), Dennis Ritchie (C), and Bjarne Stroustrup (C++).

Programs that control the hardware of a computer are called drivers. They act as intermediaries between the operating system and hardware devices, enabling communication and proper functioning.

The numeric keypad is a part of the keyboard used for entering numbers quickly. Therefore, 'Numeric Pad is in Keyboard' is correct.

Automation uses information systems to perform activities more cheaply, quickly, accurately, and consistently by reducing human intervention and errors.

An interpreter translates and executes a program one instruction at a time into machine language, unlike a compiler which translates the entire program at once. Therefore, the correct answer is Interpreter.

The power supply unit (PSU) connects to the motherboard and provides electrical power to various components of the computer. The CPU and RAM are components that receive power but do not supply it, and 'None of these' is incorrect.

Grace Hopper was a pioneering computer scientist who played a key role in developing COBOL in 1959, making her the correct answer. The other options are notable computer scientists but were not involved in COBOL's creation.

On a standard computer keyboard, numeric keys do not have a classification as 'primary' or 'secondary' keys in the typical sense. The numeric keys on the top row primarily input digits 0-9 and also produce secondary symbols when combined with the Shift key (e.g., 1 and !). The numeric keypad on the right side of full-size keyboards primarily inputs numbers but can also perform secondary functions like arithmetic operations when Num Lock is off. The terms 'primary' and 'secondary' keys are not standard classifications for numeric keys. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of these.'

In computer systems, 'resilience' refers to the ability of a system to remain operational and quickly recover despite failures or adverse conditions. It emphasizes the system's capacity to adapt to and recover from disruptions such as hardware faults, software bugs, or attacks. 'Reliability,' on the other hand, refers to the probability that a system will perform its intended function without failure over a specified period. While reliability focuses on consistent performance and minimizing failures, resilience focuses on maintaining operation and recovery when failures occur. Given the question's emphasis on remaining operational despite failures, 'Resilience' is the most accurate term.

Niklaus Wirth created the Pascal programming language in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The other options are creators of different programming languages: John Backus developed Fortran, and Dennis Ritchie developed C.

James Gosling is credited with creating the Java programming language in 1995 while working at Sun Microsystems. The other options are creators of different technologies: Guido van Rossum created Python, Ken Thompson co-created Unix, and Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.

Grace Hopper developed the first compiler, which translated symbolic mathematical code into machine-readable instructions, pioneering programming language development.

Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++ in 1979 at Bell Labs as an extension of the C programming language, adding object-oriented features. The other options are notable computer scientists but not related to C++ development.

Christopher Latham Sholes invented the QWERTY keyboard layout for the typewriter, which became the standard keyboard layout used today.

A compiler is a system program that translates instructions written in a high-level programming language into machine language that the computer's processor can execute directly. This matches option A.

A compiler translates the entire high-level program into low-level machine code in one go, unlike an assembler which translates assembly language, or other tools that do not perform this function.

A system analyst is responsible for designing the structure of a computer program by analyzing requirements and planning the system architecture before programming begins. Programmers implement the design, end users use the program, and 'None of these' is incorrect.

Assembly language uses symbolic codes called mnemonics (like ADD or MOV) that are more human-readable than binary machine code. This distinguishes it from machine language, high-level languages, and scripting languages.