Computer Science

Identity theft is the crime of collecting personal information and pretending to be another individual, usually for fraudulent purposes. The other options refer to different types of cybercrimes or technical attacks.

Bar codes are codes made up of lines of varying widths or lengths that can be read by computers using scanners. The other options do not describe this technology.

The main components of a computer system are hardware (the physical parts) and software (the programs and operating systems). Applications are a type of software, so the most complete answer is 'Both A and B.'

Portrait orientation has a shorter width compared to landscape orientation, so fewer characters fit on each line when printing the same document. Landscape orientation allows more characters per line due to its greater width.

A web browser is a program with a graphical user interface that displays HTML files and allows users to navigate the World Wide Web. Search engines help find information, but do not directly display HTML files.

The term 'worm' for a self-replicating program was popularized by John Brunner's 1975 science fiction novel 'The Shockwave Rider.' Worms are similar to viruses but can spread independently across networks.

A LAN (Local Area Network) is used to connect multiple microcomputers within a limited area, allowing users to share data, software, and hardware resources efficiently.

A set of rules for telling the computer what operations to perform is called a programming language. Programming languages are used to write instructions that computers can execute.

Bluetooth is a wireless technology commonly built into electronic gadgets for exchanging data over short distances, typically within a range of about 10 meters. WiFi is used for longer-range wireless networking, while Modem and USB are not wireless technologies for short-range data exchange.

Documentation refers to the comprehensive written description of a program's development process, including the program itself, test results, and printouts. It is essential for understanding, maintaining, and using the software.

In data communication, a single packet at the data link layer is called a 'frame.' The term 'frame' specifically refers to the unit of data encapsulated at this layer.

A hard disk is divided into concentric circles called tracks, which are further subdivided into smaller units called sectors. Sectors are the smallest physical storage units on a disk.

A small or intelligent device is called so because it contains a microcomputer within it, which enables it to process data and perform specific tasks autonomously.

A DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) is an example of an optical disc, which uses laser technology to read and write data. It is not a hard disk, output device, or solid-state storage device.

A single point on a computer screen is called a pixel. Pixels are the smallest units of a digital image or display that can be individually controlled and displayed.

A deadlock occurs when each process in a set is blocked, waiting for an event that can only be triggered by another blocked process in the same set. As a result, none of the processes can proceed, and they remain blocked forever.

An off-line device is not directly connected to the CPU and operates independently, unlike on-line devices which are directly connected and interact with the CPU in real time.

An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, managing resources and providing a user interface.

A standard CD-ROM typically stores up to 680 MB of data. The other options are either too small or too large for a normal CD-ROM's capacity.

An interpreter is a program that directly executes instructions written in a high-level programming language, without requiring them to be compiled into machine code first.

A scanner is a light-sensitive device that converts drawings, printed text, or other images into digital form by capturing their image and storing it electronically.

The octal number system uses eight different symbols (0 to 7) to represent any quantity. This distinguishes it from binary (2 symbols), decimal (10 symbols), and hexadecimal (16 symbols).

A hacker is someone who uses their expertise to gain unauthorized access to other people's computers, often to steal information or cause damage. The other options do not fit this description.

A Trojan horse is a type of malicious program that appears to perform a useful or legitimate function but also allows destructive acts, such as compromising data or security, to occur in the background.

An input device is hardware used to enter data and instructions into a computer. Examples include keyboards and mice, which allow users to input information.