Computer Science

The earliest computers were programmed directly in machine language, which consists of binary code that the computer's hardware can execute. Assembly language was developed later to make programming easier.

BIOS settings are stored in a non-volatile memory chip, traditionally CMOS RAM backed by a battery, but in modern systems they are stored in EEPROM or flash memory. This allows settings to be retained even when the computer is powered off.

The keys labeled F1 through F12 at the top of a keyboard are called function keys. They are used to perform special functions depending on the software or operating system.

Android 5.0 Lollipop was the first version of Android to offer full support for 64-bit architectures, allowing apps and the OS to take advantage of 64-bit processors.

The word 'computer' was first recorded in 1613 in a book called 'The Yong Mans Gleanings' by Richard Braithwait, where it referred to a person who computes. This makes 1613 the correct answer.

Procedural languages, such as C and Pascal, are classified as third-generation languages (3GLs). They provide a higher level of abstraction than assembly or machine languages and require programmers to specify the exact sequence of operations.

USB stands for 'Universal Serial Bus,' which is a standard for cables, connectors, and protocols used for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.

The first boot sector virus is 'Brain', which was created in 1986 by two brothers from Pakistan. It infected the boot sector of storage media, making it the earliest known example of this type of virus.

HTTPS stands for 'Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure,' which is the secure version of HTTP used for secure communication over a computer network.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language, which is the standard language used to create and design web pages.

The Atanasoff–Berry Computer (ABC), developed by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, is considered the first electronic digital computing device. It laid the foundation for modern computing concepts, especially in binary arithmetic and electronic switching.

ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit, which is a digital circuit used to perform arithmetic and logic operations in computers.

1 KB (Kilobyte) is equal to 1024 bytes. This is the standard binary definition used in computing, where 1 kilobyte equals 2^10 bytes.

IBM introduced the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) in 1981, which became widely recognized as the first computer designed for home and personal use. While Apple and others had earlier models, the IBM PC set the standard for home computing.

IMEI stands for International Mobile Equipment Identity, which is a unique number assigned to every mobile device for identification purposes.

First generation computers used vacuum tubes and valves as their main electronic component for processing and memory. Transistors and integrated circuits were introduced in later generations.

The 'Brain' computer virus, known as the first computer virus for MS-DOS, was created by two brothers from Pakistan, Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi, in 1986.

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets, which is a language used to describe the style of document presentations in web development. The other options are incorrect.

BCC stands for 'Blind Carbon Copy,' which is a feature in email systems that allows the sender to hide the recipient entered in the BCC field from the other recipients.

The abacus is considered the first mechanical calculator, used for performing arithmetic calculations long before the invention of electronic or mechanical computers.

A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a physical component of a computer system, making it hardware, not software or a program. It is responsible for executing instructions and processing data.

One nibble is equal to 4 bits, so 4 nibbles equal 16 bits. Since 1 byte is 8 bits, 16 bits is equal to 2 bytes.

A nibble is a unit of digital information that consists of 4 bits. It is half of a byte, which is 8 bits.

ACL stands for Access Control List, which is a list of permissions attached to an object specifying which users or system processes can access it and what operations they can perform.

There are two common definitions for 1 Gigabyte (GB): In the binary system (used by most operating systems), 1 GB equals 1024 Megabytes (MB). In the decimal system (used by most storage device manufacturers and the SI standard), 1 GB equals 1000 MB. Since the question and options align with the binary definition, the correct answer is 1 GB = 1024 MB (option D). Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent valid conversions for 1 GB.