English

The word 'august' in this context means 'worthy of respect' or 'impressive,' which fits the description of a respected body of historians. The other options do not match the meaning of 'august' here.

In the idiomatic expression, a "lame duck" refers to a person or entity that is powerless or ineffective, especially in a political context. Therefore, "Powerless" is the most accurate meaning among the options.

The phrase 'true to his character' means acting in a way consistent with one's nature or principles, which fits the context of Ahmed's actions. The other options do not convey this meaning appropriately.

The word 'Stringent' means strict or severe, so its most opposite word among the options is 'Lenient,' which means permissive or not strict. The other options are unrelated military ranks or an adjective meaning deserving praise, which do not contrast with 'Stringent.'

The word 'foe' means an enemy or opponent. The most opposite word is 'friend,' which means a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection. 'Enemy' is a synonym of 'foe,' so it cannot be the opposite.

The phrase 'Are we __________ to leave on vacation?' requires an adjective phrase meaning 'completely prepared.' The option 'already' (A) is an adverb indicating that something has happened sooner than expected and does not fit idiomatically in this sentence. The correct choice is 'all ready' (D), which means 'completely prepared' or 'fully ready.' Therefore, the correct sentence is 'Are we all ready to leave on vacation?'. This is supported by authoritative English usage sources distinguishing 'already' and 'all ready.'

The term 'Biped' refers to an animal that has two feet or walks on two legs, making it the correct answer. The other options do not relate to the number of feet an animal has.

The sentence refers to a completed action in the past ('last night'), so the simple past tense 'went' is correct. 'Have gone' is present perfect and does not fit with the specific past time mentioned. 'Am gone' is grammatically incorrect, and 'am going' is present continuous, which does not match the past time reference.

The correct preposition to use with 'road' in this context is 'on' because we say someone is walking on a surface such as a road.

"In toto" is a Latin phrase meaning "as a whole" or "in total." Therefore, option C correctly defines the phrase.