General Knowledge

The University of Leiden, founded in 1575, is the oldest university in the Netherlands, making option A correct. The other countries listed have older universities, but not Leiden.

The University of Heidelberg, founded in 1386, is the oldest university in Germany. It is well-known for its long history and academic excellence, making option A correct.

The first public opera house, Teatro San Cassiano, was opened in Venice in 1637, making Venice the correct answer.

NASDA stands for National Space Development Agency of Japan, which was Japan's space agency before merging into JAXA. Therefore, NASDA is associated with Japan.

Petermann Glacier is located in Greenland, making option A the correct answer. It is one of the largest glaciers in the northern hemisphere, situated on the northwest coast of Greenland.

The State of the World’s Forests report is published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), which is responsible for global forestry data and analysis.

In the British Parliament, the upper house is called the House of Lords, which is equivalent to a Senate in other parliamentary systems. The House of Commons is the lower house, so the correct answer is B.

Trafalgar Square is a famous public square located in London, England. It is well-known as a central landmark and tourist attraction in the city.

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) involving the US, Australia, Japan, and India was initially formed in 2007 as an informal strategic forum. It was short-lived initially but was revived and formalized in 2017. The first leaders' summit was held in 2021. Therefore, the correct year of initial formation is 2007, making option B the correct answer.

The Shanghai Communique was signed between China and the United States in 1972 during President Nixon's visit to China, marking a significant step in normalizing relations between the two countries.

Germany was the first country to introduce old age pensions with the Social Insurance Act of 1889 under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, establishing a state pension system for workers.

Yum! Brands Inc. is the parent company of both KFC and Pizza Hut, owning and operating these major fast-food chains globally.

TASS is the major news agency of Russia, formerly the Soviet Union's official news agency. It is widely recognized as Russia's state-owned news agency.

SWIFT stands for Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, which is the correct full form of the acronym used in financial contexts.

Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Sikh Guru, is credited with developing and standardizing the Gurmukhi script, which is used to write the Punjabi language and Sikh scriptures.

The 18th century is known as "The Age of Reason" or the Enlightenment, a period emphasizing reason, science, and intellectual interchange.

"Urdu Ki Aakhri Kitaab" (Last Book of Urdu) is a famous satirical work written by Ibn-e-Insha, a renowned Urdu poet and humorist. This makes option A the correct answer.

Four U.S. presidents have been assassinated while in office: Abraham Lincoln, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy. This is confirmed by multiple reliable sources including HistoryExtra and Wikipedia. Therefore, the correct answer is 4, which corresponds to option B.

The term 'Aflatoon' is the Arabic and Urdu name for the Greek philosopher Plato, who is known for his contributions to philosophy and is often referred to by this name in South Asian and Middle Eastern contexts.

Rawalpindi served as the interim or temporary capital city of Pakistan from 1958 until 1967. The capital was moved from Karachi to Rawalpindi temporarily while Islamabad was being constructed. Islamabad officially became the capital in 1967. Therefore, the correct period for Rawalpindi as capital is approximately 1959 to 1969, making option D the most accurate.

The International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women is observed annually on 25 November to raise awareness and promote action to end violence against women and girls worldwide.

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last leader of the Soviet Union, serving as its General Secretary from 1985 until its dissolution in 1991. Boris Yeltsin became the first President of the Russian Federation after the Soviet Union collapsed.

NAMA stands for Nigerian Airspace Management Agency, which is related to Nigeria. Therefore, the correct answer is Nigeria.

The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv, which is the largest city and the political, cultural, and economic center of the country. The other options are capitals of different countries.

The headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is located in Vienna, Austria. This is a well-known fact about the agency's main office location.