General Knowledge

Turkey officially requested that its name be recognized as "Türkiye" at the United Nations to better reflect its native pronunciation and cultural identity. Therefore, the correct answer is C, "Turkiye."

The 47th meeting of the OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) foreign ministers was hosted by Algeria in November 2021. This makes Algeria the correct answer among the options provided.

William Lee invented the first knitting machine in 1589, which mechanized the process of knitting and greatly influenced textile manufacturing.

Lewis Waterman is credited with inventing the first practical fountain pen in 1884, improving the ink feed mechanism to prevent leaks and provide a reliable writing instrument. This innovation made the fountain pen commercially successful.

James Harrison is credited with inventing the first practical mechanical refrigeration system in the 1850s, making him the inventor of the refrigerator. The other options are incorrect: John Bardeen (not Brattain) was a physicist known for the transistor, and Nikola Tesla was an inventor known for electrical engineering but not refrigeration.

The electric fan was invented by Schuyler Skaats Wheeler in 1882. He created a fan powered by electricity by placing a two-bladed propeller on the shaft of an electric motor. This invention was commercially marketed by the Crocker & Curtis electric motor company. The other options (William Thomas, Jules Verne, Elias Howe) are not associated with the invention of the electric fan. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Wheeler.

The mercury thermometer was invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, not Gabriel Farhrenhiet. The correct answer is 'None of these' since the provided options are incorrect or misspelled.

The method of manufacturing steel from iron, specifically the Bessemer process, was invented by Henry Bessemer, who is not listed among the options. Therefore, 'None of these' is the correct answer.

Walter Hunt is credited with inventing the safety pin in 1849. He designed it as a simple fastening device with a spring mechanism and a clasp to cover the sharp point, making it safe to use.

Recent archaeological discoveries in Israel have uncovered a 20,000-year-old village on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee (also known as Lake Kinneret). This site includes evidence such as stone-tool assemblages and hearth features indicating long-term habitation near the lake's edge. The Dead Sea, Bering Sea, and Aegean Sea are not associated with this particular discovery. Therefore, the correct answer is the Sea of Galilee.

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, orbiting at an average distance of about 58 million kilometers, closer than Venus, Earth, or Saturn.

The Corbillon Cup is the trophy awarded to the women's team champions at the World Table Tennis Championships. It was donated by Marcel Corbillon, former President of the French Table Tennis Association, in 1933 and first awarded in 1934. Therefore, the correct sport associated with the Corbillon Cup is Table Tennis, not Lawn Tennis or any other sport.

Orville and Wilbur Wright are credited with inventing and successfully flying the first powered airplane in 1903, making them the correct answer. Frank Whittle invented the jet engine, Otto is associated with the internal combustion engine, and 'None of these' is incorrect.

Option B is incorrect because the Royal Observatory of Greenwich is located in London, not Copenhagen. Option A is correct as the equator is at zero degrees latitude. Option C is also correct since altitude refers to height above sea level. Option D is incorrect because not all statements are wrong.

The Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne, are credited with inventing the hot air balloon in the 18th century, making option B the correct answer.

William Henry Perkin is credited with inventing the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856, which marked the beginning of the synthetic dye industry.

Lucian Freud, a renowned British painter, is known for his portraits and was involved in a recent controversy regarding a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. The other options are either unrelated or not artists.

The highest military award of Italy is the Medal for Valor (Medaglia al Valor Militare), awarded for acts of bravery in combat. The Victoria Cross is a British award, and 'Iran Cross' is not a recognized military award.

A philatelist is a person who collects and studies postage stamps. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Stamps'.

The crocodile in Disney's Peter Pan is famously known as 'Tick Tock' because of the ticking clock it swallowed, which alerts Captain Hook to its presence.

The International Financial Services, London (IFSL) is based in the United Kingdom, as indicated by its name and function as a London-based organization promoting financial services.

The official currency of Jamaica is the Jamaican Dollar, making option B the correct answer. The other options are currencies of different countries.

The claim that Japan was the only country whose population decreased by 79 thousand in 2009 is not supported by available data. Multiple countries, especially in Eastern Europe such as Latvia, Lithuania, and others, experienced significant population declines around that period due to low birth rates, high death rates, and emigration. Japan has experienced population decline in recent years, but the specific figure of a 79 thousand decrease in 2009 is not uniquely attributable to Japan, nor was it the only country with such a decline. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D' (None of these), as none of the listed countries uniquely fits the description for 2009.

Adria Airways was the national airline of Slovenia, making option A correct. The other countries listed do not correspond to Adria Airways.

A bilateral agreement is a treaty or contract signed between two countries, making option B correct. The term 'bilateral' itself means involving two parties.