History

The Umayyad Caliphate was overthrown by the Abbasids after their decisive victory in the Battle of the Zab in 751 A.D., which marked the end of Umayyad rule and the beginning of Abbasid dominance.

Abd Ar Rehman Ad-Dakhil was the first Muslim Caliph of Spain, founding the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in 756 AD and establishing a lasting Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Gandhara civilization primarily used Prakrit languages, which were common in ancient northern India and surrounding regions. Sanskrit was also known but Prakrit was more prevalent in everyday use and inscriptions.

After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he remained until his death. This was his final exile, distinct from his earlier exile to Elba.

The ancient city of Prayaga was renamed Allahabad by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1583. This was part of his efforts to consolidate his empire and promote Islam.

Abd al-Rahman I was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate in Al-Andalus (modern-day Spain) after fleeing the Abbasid revolution. He established Muslim rule in Spain, making option A correct.

Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty before the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India. He was defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, marking the end of the Lodi dynasty.

The first Afghan dynasty in India was the Lodi dynasty, founded by Bahlul Lodi in 1451. He was the first Lodhi ruler who established Afghan rule over the Delhi Sultanate. Sikandar Lodi and Ibrahim Lodi were later rulers of the same dynasty, but not its founder. Therefore, the correct answer is C, Bahlol Lodi.

Dodo Soomro is historically recognized as the first ruler of the Soomra dynasty, which ruled parts of Sindh from around 1011 to 1026. The other options do not correspond to the first Soomra ruler.

The Soviet Union (Russia) suffered the highest number of casualties and extensive destruction during World War II, far exceeding the losses of Japan, Germany, or France. Hence, Russia is considered the country that suffered the most in World War II.