Islamic Studies

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) worked as a shepherd in his early life, tending the livestock of his uncle Abu Talib. He belonged to the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. The Banu Saad was a different tribe and not the one he worked for as a shepherd. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of these' since the options A, B, and C are incorrect tribes in this context.

The term 'Hadith' is derived from the Arabic root ḥ-d-th (ح-د-ث), which originally means 'to happen' or 'to occur.' By extension, it also means 'to speak,' 'to converse,' or 'a talk or report.' In pre-Islamic Arabic, 'hadith' referred to ordinary speech or small talk, and the noun simply meant 'a saying' or 'a piece of news.' When the early Muslim community began collecting the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, they used this existing word to denote those narrated reports. Therefore, the root of the term 'Hadith' is indeed the root ḥ-d-th itself, making option A correct. Option B 'Tahadith' is a verb form related to speaking or narrating but is not the root itself.

Fatwa Kazi Khan is a well-known collection of fatwas associated with the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh Hanafi). It is considered authentic within this sect, making option A correct.

The first Azan was called out during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Mecca before the Hijri calendar started. It was introduced by Bilal ibn Rabah as the call to prayer. Since the Hijri calendar begins from the migration (Hijra) to Medina, the first Azan predates 1 Hijri, so none of the given Hijri years are correct.

Tafseer Darul Mansoor (also spelled Dur-e-Mansoor) is a classical Quranic commentary written by Imam Jalal ud Din Suyuti, a renowned 15th-century Egyptian Islamic scholar. It is not authored by Jala ud Din Rumi. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Jalal ud Din Sayuti.

The first major battle between the Muslims and the non-Muslims (Kaffars) was the Battle of Badr (Ghazwa e Badar), fought on 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan 2 AH). It was a significant and decisive battle where the Muslims, led by Prophet Muhammad, defeated the Quraysh army. Ghazwa e Abwa was a smaller expedition before Badr and is not considered the first major battle. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had four sons: Qasim, Abdullah (also known as Tayyib and Tahir), Ibrahim, and one more son who died in infancy. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA) established a legacy of ensuring that officers and officials received a fixed and fair salary, which was a pioneering administrative reform to maintain justice and prevent corruption.

According to Islamic teachings, one-fifth (1/5) of the war spoils, known as 'Khums', is to be deposited in Bait-ul-Mal (the public treasury) for distribution among specific groups such as the poor and orphans. This is a well-established rule in Islamic jurisprudence.

The four primary sources of Islamic law (Sharia) are the Quran, Hadith, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning). Qiyas is considered the fourth source after Quran, Hadith, and Ijma, making option C correct.