Islamic Studies

The chronological order of the wives of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is well documented in Islamic historical sources. His first wife was Hazrat Khadijah (RA), followed by Hazrat Sauda (RA) as the second wife, then Hazrat Ayesha (RA) as the third wife, and Hazrat Hafsa (RA) as the fourth wife. Therefore, the fourth wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was Hazrat Hafsa (RA), not Hazrat Sauda (RA). This is confirmed by multiple authoritative Islamic sources including Islam Q&A and Al-Islam.org.

Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) had one son, Ibrahim, with Hazrat Maria al-Qibtiyya (RA). This is well-documented in Islamic history, confirming that the correct answer is 1.

The holy month of Ramadan is divided into three distinct parts, each consisting of ten days called an 'Ashra' (Arabic for ten). The first ten days are known as Ashra-e-Rehmat (Days of Mercy), focusing on seeking Allah's boundless mercy and blessings. This is followed by the second Ashra, Ashra-e-Maghfirat (Days of Forgiveness, days 11–20), and the final third Ashra, Ashra-e-Najat (Protection from Hellfire, days 21–30), which contains the highly blessed night of Laylat al-Qadr.

Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) had several sons, but only two survived infancy: Al-Qasim and Ibrahim. Al-Qasim was the first son, and Ibrahim was the second son. Abdullah and Abdurrehman were not his sons.

Surah Al-Ahzab (The Confederates) refers to the Battle of the Trench, a significant holy war in Islamic history, making it the Surah named after a holy war. The other Surahs listed do not directly refer to a holy war.

The kaffarah (expiation) for deliberately breaking a fast during Ramadan by sexual intercourse is to fast continuously for 60 days or to feed 60 poor people. This is the majority scholarly opinion. For breaking the fast by eating or drinking deliberately, only making up the missed day (qada) and sincere repentance is required, without kaffarah. Some jurists extend kaffarah to deliberate eating or drinking, but the commonly accepted kaffarah fasting period is 60 continuous days. Therefore, the correct answer is 60 (option D).

Hazrat Sauda (RA) was the second wife of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) after the passing of his first wife, Hazrat Khadeja (RA). This is well-documented in Islamic history.

Hazrat Umar (R.A.) was the second Caliph of Islam, succeeding Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A.) who was the first Caliph. This is a well-established historical fact in Islamic history.

Hazrat Ibrahim was the third son of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). His first two sons were Al-Qasim and Abdullah, both of whom died in infancy. Ibrahim was born later in Medina and also passed away in infancy.

Soam (fasting) is prohibited on both Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Azha as these are days of celebration and feasting in Islam, during which fasting is not allowed.