Pakistan Studies

Direct Action Day was observed on August 16, 1946. It was called by the All-India Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, to demand the creation of a separate Muslim homeland, Pakistan. The day led to widespread communal riots, especially in Calcutta, and is considered a pivotal event in the Pakistan Movement. Therefore, the correct answer is option D: August 16, 1946.

Justice (retd) Nasirul Mulk served as the Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan in 2018, overseeing the general elections that year. The other options are incorrect as Maleeha Lodhi is a diplomat and Tassaduq Hussain Jilani was a former Chief Justice but not the caretaker PM.

The Constitution of 1962 in Pakistan established a presidential system of government. It abolished the office of the Prime Minister and vested almost all executive powers in the President. The President was the head of state and government, appointed the Council of Ministers, controlled the provincial governors, had supreme command of the armed forces, and had significant legislative powers including summoning, proroguing, and dissolving the National Assembly. Therefore, the Constitution of 1962 gave more power to the President, not the Prime Minister.

Kakul in Abbottabad is best known in Pakistan as the location of the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA), which is the premier officer training institution of the Pakistan Army. The PMA was established in 1947 and is situated in Kakul, Abbottabad. The Army Medical College is a separate institution and is not specifically associated with Kakul. Therefore, the correct answer is C, Pakistan Military Academy.

The Durand Line was established in 1893 as the international border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and British India. The agreement was signed on 12 November 1893 by Sir Mortimer Durand and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan. A joint British-Afghan survey demarcated much of the border between 1894 and 1896. The final section near the Khyber Pass was formally demarcated in the 1921 Treaty of Kabul. Therefore, the correct year of demarcation is 1893, not 1897 as originally stated.

The Independence Act of 1947 was the first document that set the pace for the constitution-making process in Pakistan by legally partitioning British India and creating Pakistan as a separate state. The Objectives Resolution came later as a guiding principle for the constitution, not as the initial document.

The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 originally established the Senate with 45 seats. Over time, the number of seats was increased, and currently, the Senate has 100 seats as per the Constitution and subsequent amendments. The commonly accepted and referenced number in the 1973 Constitution context is 100 seats, making option D (100 Seats) the correct answer.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah visited Islamia College Peshawar twice during his lifetime, which is a well-documented historical fact. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Two'.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah founded the Daily English newspaper Dawn in 1941 to serve as a voice for the Muslim community in British India. This is a well-documented historical fact.

Sir William Wilson Hunter reviewed the famous book “The Indian Musalmans” in 1872. He was a British historian and civil servant known for his works on Indian history and society.