Biology

Alzheimer's disease is primarily a brain disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration affecting memory and cognitive functions. It is not classified as a genetic disorder in the strict sense, although genetics can influence risk.

The fluid part of blood is called plasma, which is a yellowish liquid that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. Platelets and blood cells are components suspended in the plasma, not the fluid itself.

‘Alba’ is a genetically modified glowing rabbit created by artist Eduardo Kac as a pioneering example of bio art, making option C correct.

Vitamin A deficiency primarily causes night blindness because it is essential for the formation of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that helps vision in low light. Other options like rickets, scurvy, and hair fall are caused by deficiencies of vitamin D, vitamin C, and other factors respectively.

Locked-in syndrome (LiS) is a neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles except for those that control eye movement, typically caused by brainstem damage.

According to the heterotrophic hypothesis, the earliest organisms on Earth were simple heterotrophs that obtained food from organic substances present in their environment. Autotrophs evolved later with the ability to produce their own food.

The octopus is known for having three hearts: two branchial hearts that pump blood to the gills, and one systemic heart that pumps blood to the rest of the body. None of the other animals listed have three hearts.

The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood during exhalation, which is a waste product of cellular respiration. This process helps maintain the body's acid-base balance and allows oxygen to be absorbed into the blood.

Both snails, octopuses, and spiders have blue blood due to the presence of hemocyanin, a copper-containing molecule that turns blue when oxygenated. Therefore, all the listed animals have blue blood.

The skin is the largest organ of the human body by surface area and weight, serving as a protective barrier. Other organs like the liver and heart are internal and smaller in size compared to the skin.