Biology

The BCG vaccine is specifically used to provide immunity against tuberculosis, a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs. It is not effective against whooping cough, viral fevers, or smallpox.

Adult dogs typically have 42 teeth, which includes incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. This is a standard anatomical fact in veterinary science.

Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia, a type of megaloblastic anemia caused by impaired DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. It is not associated with insomnia or microcytic anemia, which is typically due to iron deficiency.

Dendrites are the parts of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons. They act as the input region, collecting signals and transmitting them to the cell body.

Earthworms do not have red blood cells; instead, they use a copper-containing molecule called hemocyanin to transport oxygen, which is colorless when deoxygenated and blue when oxygenated. This is unlike vertebrates such as frogs, snakes, and crocodiles, which have red blood cells containing hemoglobin.

Diabetes is commonly classified into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. There are other forms like gestational diabetes, but the primary classification is into two types.

The Black Dragonfish is known for its extremely dark, almost black coloration, which helps it blend into the deep ocean environment, making it the blackest fish in the oceans among the options given.

The human brain is composed of approximately 73% water, which is essential for its proper functioning and maintaining cellular processes.

The kakapo is a well-known flightless bird native to New Zealand, characterized by its inability to fly and nocturnal, ground-dwelling habits. The other options, such as Pavo cristatus (peafowl) and Passer (sparrows), are capable of flight.

The aorta is connected to the left ventricle of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta.

Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, whereas malaria is caused by a parasite, and cancer is not caused by bacteria. Therefore, option B is correct.

Bats are mammals capable of true flight, unlike ostriches and peacocks which are birds and either flightless or poor fliers. Therefore, the correct answer is Bat.

The human eye is often estimated to have a resolution roughly equivalent to about 570 megapixels, considering the density of photoreceptors and the field of view. Among the given options, 570 MP is the closest and most accurate estimate.

Sensory neurons transmit messages from sensory receptors towards the brain and spinal cord, which process the information. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Brain and Spinal Cord'.

The kidneys filter waste products and excess substances from the blood, effectively cleaning it. Other organs like the lungs, liver, and heart have different functions related to respiration, metabolism, and circulation, respectively.

Mycology is the branch of biology that studies fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, taxonomy, and their use to humans. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Fungi.

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are most commonly found in bacteria, where they replicate independently of chromosomal DNA. They are not typically found in viruses, fungi, or viroids.

The nervous system is the main control system of the body as it coordinates all bodily functions by transmitting signals between different parts of the body. While the brain is a part of the nervous system, the system as a whole controls body functions.

cVDPV2 stands for circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus type 2, which is a strain of poliovirus type II that can emerge in under-immunized populations. Therefore, option C, Poliovirus Type-II, is correct.

Energy is released during respiration as glucose is broken down to produce ATP, which cells use for energy. Photosynthesis, ingestion, and absorption do not release energy; photosynthesis stores energy, while ingestion and absorption are processes of taking in food and nutrients.

In many bird species, male birds are more colorful than female birds to attract mates, while females often have duller colors for camouflage.

Arachnology is the branch of zoology that studies spiders and related animals such as scorpions and ticks. Osteology is the study of bones, and pomology is the study of fruit cultivation, so they are incorrect.

The diagnosis of anthrax in cattle is commonly made by spore staining, which helps identify Bacillus anthracis spores in blood smears. The Quellung reaction is used for pneumococcal bacteria, and the McFaydean reaction is not a recognized diagnostic test for anthrax.

The development of calf muscles in ladies who wear high heels is an example of the 'use and disuse of organ' concept, where frequent use of a muscle leads to its development. It is not inheritance of acquired characters, which refers to traits passed genetically to offspring, nor natural or artificial selection.

The scientific study of algae is called Phycology. The other options refer to different fields: Pomology is the study of fruit, Oneriology is the study of dreams, and Trichology is the study of hair and scalp.