English

The word 'tragedy' comes from the Greek word 'tragōidia,' which literally means 'goat-song.' This term is believed to have originated from ancient Greek rituals involving goats.

Sylvia Plath wrote 'The Colossus,' her first and only collection of poems published during her lifetime, in 1960. The other authors listed did not write this work.

Thomas Chatterton, the English poet, died at the age of 17 in 1770. This is a well-documented fact in English literary history.

In linguistics, 'langue' refers to the abstract system of rules and conventions shared by a community, while 'parole' refers to individual speech acts. Therefore, 'langue' is the correct answer.

Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation. The other options refer to different linguistic concepts.

Noam Chomsky introduced the term 'performance' to refer to the actual use of language in concrete situations, distinguishing it from 'competence,' which is the underlying knowledge of language. While Ferdinand de Saussure used the term 'parole' for a similar concept, Chomsky's own terminology is 'performance.' Authoritative linguistic sources confirm this distinction.

The period in English literature from 1901 to 1910 is called the Edwardian Period, named after King Edward VII who reigned during these years. The other options refer to different literary movements or periods.

Longinus, in his treatise 'On the Sublime,' defines sublimity as a certain distinction and excellence in composition, particularly in literary works. He emphasizes that true sublimity elevates both the style and the mind of the audience.

An 'altruist' is a person who has an unselfish concern for the welfare of others, which is described as a lover of mankind. The other options do not match the definition of 'altruist.'

John Dryden famously referred to Geoffrey Chaucer as the 'father of English poetry,' which is often paraphrased as 'father of English literature.'