Everyday Science

Short sightedness, or myopia, occurs when the eyeball is elongated, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of on it, resulting in blurred distance vision.

The egg white, also known as the albumen, contains the majority of the egg's protein, whereas the yolk contains fats and some protein, and the shell is primarily calcium carbonate.

Humans typically have 20 milk teeth (primary teeth) which eventually fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth. This is a well-established fact in human dental development.

A pluviometer is an instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall over a period of time, making option C the correct answer.

A transistor is an electronic device commonly used as a switch or amplifier in circuits, unlike a diode, resistor, or transformer which serve different functions.

The scientific study of caves is called Speleology. Haematology is the study of blood, Oology is the study of eggs, and Oneriology is the study of dreams, making Speleology the correct answer.

An egg sinks in soft water because the water's density is less than that of the egg. In a concentrated salt solution, the density of the solution increases and becomes greater than that of the egg, causing the egg to float due to buoyant force.

One ton (specifically a US ton or short ton) is equal to 907 kilograms approximately. This is the standard conversion used in everyday measurements.

Vitamin B complex is a group of water-soluble vitamins, unlike vitamins A, D, and K, which are fat-soluble. Therefore, Vitamin B complex is not fat soluble.

One kilogram is approximately equal to 2.20 pounds. This is a standard conversion factor used in everyday measurements.

Atmospheric air is held to the Earth primarily by gravity, which pulls the air molecules toward the Earth's surface, preventing them from drifting into space.

There are 16 ounces in one pound according to the standard US customary system of measurement, making option D correct.

A cantilever beam is a beam fixed at one end and free at the other. A diving board is a classic example of a cantilever beam, whereas a bridge, see-saw, and common balance do not fit this definition.

Photocopier machines produce ozone gas as a byproduct due to the high voltage corona discharge used in the copying process. This ozone is generated when oxygen molecules are split and recombine as ozone (O3).

Hands are generally considered the dirtiest part of the body because they frequently come into contact with various surfaces and contaminants, making them more prone to harboring germs compared to feet or face.

In a photocell, light energy is converted into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect, where photons cause the emission of electrons, generating an electric current.

SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) works on the principle of echo, where sound waves are emitted and their reflections (echoes) from objects are detected to determine distance or location.

One pound is equal to approximately 453 grams, which is the standard conversion used in most measurement systems.

Lambert's law, also known as Lambert's cosine law, describes how the illumination or brightness of a diffusely reflecting surface varies with the angle of incidence. It states that the apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal, thus relating directly to illumination.

One ounce is approximately equal to 28.35 grams, so the closest and correct option is 28 grams.

Hot water can sometimes freeze faster than cold water under specific conditions, a phenomenon known as the Mpemba effect. Although this does not happen in every situation, experiments have shown that hot water may freeze first in some cases.

Dead plants are biodegradable because they can be broken down naturally by microorganisms. Cans and glass are not biodegradable as they do not decompose easily in the environment.

A man's weight is the gravitational force on his mass and remains constant regardless of his position (sitting, standing, or lying down). The total force exerted on the Earth does not change with posture. What changes is the pressure (force per unit area) due to the difference in contact area with the ground or supporting surface. Standing typically produces the highest pressure on the feet because the contact area is smallest, sitting distributes the weight over a larger area (seat), and lying down distributes it over an even larger area (back and legs). Therefore, the man does not press more weight on Earth in any particular position; the weight is the same in all positions. Hence, the correct answer is 'D' (None of these).

Hepatitis and Polio are both caused by viruses. Hepatitis refers to viral infections affecting the liver, and Polio is caused by the poliovirus, making 'Virus' the correct answer.

Caffeine, nicotine, and piperine are all naturally occurring compounds found in plants, whereas saccharin is an artificial sweetener synthesized chemically and not derived from plants.