Percentages

Using the principle of inclusion-exclusion, the percentage reading at least one magazine is 45% + 55% + 40% - 30% - 15% - 25% + 10% = 80%. Therefore, 20% do not read any magazine.

Let Y's pay be Rs. y. Then X's pay is 120% of y, i.e., 1.2y. The total pay is y + 1.2y = 2.2y = 550. Solving for y gives y = 550 / 2.2 = 250. Hence, Y is paid Rs. 250 per week.

Let the original fraction be $\frac{x}{y}$. Increasing the numerator by 250% means the new numerator is $x+2.5x=3.5x$. Increasing the denominator by 400% means the new denominator is $y+4y=5y$. The new fraction is $\frac{3.5x}{5y}=\frac{7}{19}$. Cross-multiplying gives $3.5x\times 19=7\times 5y$, or $66.5x=35y$, which simplifies to $\frac{x}{y}=\frac{35}{66.5}=\frac{5}{9}$. Thus, the original fraction is $\frac{5}{9}$.

When the length is increased by 10%, it becomes 1.1 times the original length. When the breadth is decreased by 10%, it becomes 0.9 times the original breadth. The new area is 1.1 × 0.9 = 0.99 times the original area, which means the area decreases by 1%.

Let the capacity of the bucket be x litres. The difference in volume between 80% and 66.5% fill is 2 litres. This gives the equation: 0.80x - 0.665x = 2, which simplifies to 0.135x = 2. Solving for x gives x = 2 / 0.135 ≈ 14.81 litres. Among the given options, 15 litres (option B) is the closest and correct answer. The original answer (D) 20 litres is incorrect based on this calculation.

The population increased from 175,000 to 262,500 over 10 years. The total increase is 87,500, which is a 50% increase over 10 years. The average annual percent increase is calculated using the compound interest formula: (Final/Initial)^(1/10) - 1 = (262,500/175,000)^(0.1) - 1 ≈ 1.5^(0.1) - 1 ≈ 0.0437 or 4.37%.

Total votes = 7500; invalid votes = 20% of 7500 = 1500; valid votes = 7500 - 1500 = 6000. One candidate got 55% of valid votes = 0.55 × 6000 = 3300. The other candidate got the remaining valid votes = 6000 - 3300 = 2700. Therefore, the other candidate received 2700 valid votes, which corresponds to option A.

There are 1000 inhabitants, with 60% males (600 males) and 40% females (400 females). Among males, 20% are literate, so 600 * 0.20 = 120 literate males. Total literates are 25% of 1000 = 250. Therefore, literate females = 250 - 120 = 130. Percentage of literate females = (130 / 400) * 100 = 32.5%. However, the calculation shows 32.5%, but the correct answer given is C (32.5%). The options have a spacing error in option A and C, but the correct answer is C as per calculation.

The total votes are 1136 + 7636 + 11628 = 20400. The winning candidate received 11628 votes. The percentage is (11628 / 20400) × 100 ≈ 57%. However, since 57% is option A, the correct answer is A, not C. Recalculating: 11628/20400 = 0.57 or 57%. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

When errors of 5% and 3% are made in the measurements of the sides of a rectangle, the percentage error in the calculated area is approximately the sum of the individual percentage errors plus their product. This is calculated as 5% + 3% + (5% × 3%) = 8.15%. Therefore, the correct answer is option C (8.15%).

The price decreased by 20%, so the new price is 80% of the original. The quantity sold increased by 40%, so the new quantity is 140% of the original. The new sales amount is 0.8 × 1.4 = 1.12, which is a 12% increase in sales.

Since the cost price (C.P) is 40% of the selling price (S.P), the selling price is 100% of itself. To find what percent the S.P is of the C.P, we calculate (S.P / C.P) × 100 = (100% / 40%) × 100 = 250%.

To express 1.09 as a percentage, multiply by 100. Thus, 1.09 × 100 = 109%, which corresponds to option C.

The sales tax is 15% of Rs 600, which is Rs 90. Adding this to the original price gives Rs 600 + Rs 90 = Rs 690. However, the options are in whole numbers without currency symbols, so the total amount is Rs 690, which corresponds to option D. Therefore, the correct answer is D, not A. The original correct_answer was D, which is correct.

To find 80% of 700, multiply 700 by 0.80, which equals 560. Therefore, option B is correct.

If P is 5 times as large as Q, then P = 5Q. The difference between P and Q is 5Q - Q = 4Q. To find what percent less Q is than P, we calculate (difference ÷ P) × 100 = (4Q ÷ 5Q) × 100 = 80%. Therefore, Q is 80% less than P, making option C the correct answer.

25% of 150 is calculated as (25/100) × 150 = 37.5. Therefore, the correct answer is 37.5.

“5 percent” means 5/100. So 5% of 5 = (5/100)×5 = 25/100 = 0.25, which matches option A.