Constitution of Pakistan

In Pakistan, the President exercises executive, legislative, judicial, and emergency powers based on the advice of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. Therefore, both the PM and Cabinet advise the President, making option D correct.

In Pakistan, the President has the constitutional authority to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment, or to commute sentences passed by any court or tribunal, as per Article 45 of the Constitution of Pakistan.

Under Yahya Khan's Legal Framework Order (LFO), if the National Assembly failed to frame the constitution within 120 days, the President had the authority to dissolve the Assembly. This was a key provision to ensure timely constitution-making.

The 18th Amendment Bill was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on March 8, 2010, which is the correct date among the options provided.

The Muslim League formed a committee of 30 members to draft its constitution. This is a well-documented historical fact related to the organizational development of the Muslim League.

Chaudhry Muhammad Ali is credited with presenting the first indigenous constitution of Pakistan in 1956, which was the country's first constitution made by Pakistanis themselves after independence.

Under the 1962 Constitution of Pakistan, ministers were appointed by the President and were not required to be members of the Parliament, nor were they directly answerable to it. This was a key feature distinguishing it from the 1956 and 1973 Constitutions, where ministers were members of and accountable to Parliament.

Article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 mandates that the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children aged five to sixteen years. This is a fundamental right enshrined in the constitution.

The Constitution of Pakistan was approved by the National Assembly on 23 March 1973, which is a significant date in Pakistan's history. Therefore, option A is correct.

Article 230 of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan specifically deals with the status and special provisions related to the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. The other articles listed do not pertain to Jammu & Kashmir.

The Legal Framework Order (LFO) was promulgated on March 30, 1970, by General Yahya Khan to lay down the legal basis for the general elections in Pakistan and the transfer of power to elected representatives.

The Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) were merged with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through the 25th Constitutional Amendment of Pakistan, which was passed in 2018 to integrate FATA into the province and extend the jurisdiction of Pakistani laws there.

The Right to Education in the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 is specifically described under Article 25-A, which was inserted by the Eighteenth Amendment in 2010. Article 25-A mandates that the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children aged five to sixteen years. This constitutional provision obligates the federal and provincial governments to enact laws and policies ensuring universal free primary and secondary education. Earlier provisions such as Article 37-B and Article 38-D also relate to education but do not establish it as a fundamental right. Therefore, the correct answer is C (25-A).

The Committee of Basic Principles, formed in Pakistan in 1949 to draft the objectives resolution, consisted of 22 members. Therefore, option B is correct.

Article 2 of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 declares Islam as the state religion of Pakistan, making option B the correct answer.

The current and last constitution of Pakistan was enforced on 23rd March 1973, which is celebrated as Pakistan Day. This date marks the adoption of the constitution by the National Assembly.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah proposed amendments to the Nehru Report in 1928 to safeguard Muslim political rights, including proportional representation in Punjab and Bengal, one-third representation in the central legislature, and that residuary powers be given to the provinces. All these points are reflected in options A, B, and C, making D the correct answer.

The Constitution currently applicable in Pakistan is the Constitution of 1973, which was adopted on 23rd March 1973. This date is celebrated as Pakistan Day, marking the adoption of the constitution. The other dates listed are incorrect or not related to the constitution's adoption.

The constitution of the All India Muslim League was drafted in 1907 by a committee headed by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk. He played a key role in the formation and organization of the League, making option C the correct answer.

The 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was enacted in 1997. It notably curtailed the powers of the President, including the removal of Article 58(2)(b), which had allowed the President to dissolve the National Assembly unilaterally. This amendment restored parliamentary supremacy and strengthened the Prime Minister's authority. Therefore, the correct answer is option B (1997). The original question incorrectly stated 1999 as the year of the 13th Amendment, but authoritative sources confirm it was passed in 1997.

The second constitutional assembly of Pakistan was reconstituted on 15 May 1955, making option B the correct answer. This assembly was responsible for drafting Pakistan's first constitution.

The First Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan in 1974 officially declared Ahmadis as non-Muslims. This amendment specifically addressed the status of Ahmadis, making option A correct.

The First Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan primarily dealt with the demarcation of Pakistan's borders, particularly the boundary with China. It did not declare Islam as the state religion; that was established in the original 1973 Constitution.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah presented his 14 points in 1929 as a response to the Nehru Report, which was a proposal by the Indian National Congress that did not adequately address Muslim concerns. The 14 points outlined Muslim demands for constitutional safeguards.

The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, enacted in 1985 under General Zia-ul-Haq, significantly increased the powers of the President by granting discretionary authority to dissolve the National Assembly and dismiss the Prime Minister (Article 58(2)(b)). This shifted the balance of power in favor of the President, moving Pakistan from a parliamentary system toward a semi-presidential system. The President's enhanced powers were used multiple times in the 1990s to dismiss elected governments. These powers were curtailed by the Thirteenth Amendment in 1997, reinstated under President Musharraf in the early 2000s, and finally removed by the Eighteenth Amendment in 2010, which restored the parliamentary system and strengthened the Prime Minister's office. Therefore, the 8th Amendment shifted the balance of power in favor of the President, not the Prime Minister.