Constitution of Pakistan

The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan introduced the bicameral parliamentary system, establishing both the National Assembly and the Senate. Earlier constitutions did not have this bicameral structure.

The Legal Framework Order (LFO) was first promulgated by General Yahya Khan in 1970 to lay down the legal basis for the general elections and the transition to civilian rule in Pakistan. This makes option D correct.

The Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Reforms, which was responsible for reviewing and recommending changes leading to the 18th Amendment in Pakistan, consisted of 27 members. This committee was formed under the chairmanship of Senator Raza Rabbani and included members from various political parties. Therefore, none of the options A (24), B (26), or C (29) is correct, making option D (None of these) the correct answer.

The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan was promulgated on 14 August 1973 and formally came into force (enforced) on 16 August 1973. It was passed by the National Assembly on 10 April 1973, authenticated on 12 April 1973, and promulgated on 14 August 1973, Pakistan's Independence Day. However, the enforcement date, when it actually came into effect, is 16 August 1973. Therefore, none of the given options A (15 August), B (14 August), or C (11 August) is exactly correct. The correct answer is 'D' (None of these).

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was sworn in as the President of Pakistan under the 1973 Constitution, which marked the transition to a parliamentary system with Bhutto as the first President under this constitution. Fazal Elahi Chaudhry became President later, in 1973, but after Bhutto's tenure as President ended and the office became more ceremonial.

In Pakistan, when the President is absent, the Chairman of the Senate serves as the acting President according to the Constitution. This ensures continuity of the presidential office.

The Constitution of 1956 of Pakistan was modeled on the Westminster style parliamentary government, which is characterized by a parliamentary system with a prime minister and a ceremonial president or monarch. This system was inherited from British colonial governance traditions.

The 18th Amendment in Pakistan was passed in the Senate with 90 votes in favor and 14 against. Option A correctly states the number of votes against it, making it the correct answer.

The committee responsible for the 18th Amendment in Pakistan consisted of 23 members. Option A correctly reflects this number, while option B (26) is incorrect.

The 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed in the National Assembly with 292 votes in favor and 21 votes against it. This makes option C the correct answer.

The 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed in the National Assembly with 292 votes in favor and 21 votes against it. This makes option C the correct answer.

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto lifted martial law and introduced the provisional constitution on 30 April 1972, marking the restoration of civilian rule after the 1971 war and the separation of East Pakistan.

The 18th Amendment in Pakistan's Senate was passed with 90 votes in favor and 14 against. Option A correctly states the number of votes against the amendment.

The committee responsible for drafting the 18th Amendment of Pakistan's Constitution consisted of 23 members. Option A correctly reflects this number, while option B (26) is incorrect.

The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, passed in 1985 under General Zia-ul-Haq's regime, introduced Article 58(2)(b) which gave the President the discretionary power to dissolve the National Assembly and dismiss the Prime Minister and elected governments. This amendment shifted the balance of power significantly in favor of the President, transforming Pakistan's parliamentary system into a semi-presidential system where the President held substantial authority over the Prime Minister. The amendment was used multiple times by Presidents to dismiss elected Prime Ministers until it was repealed by the 13th Amendment in 1997, restoring parliamentary supremacy. Therefore, the balance of power shifted in favor of the President, not the Prime Minister.

The 1973 Constitution of Pakistan introduced the bicameral parliamentary system, establishing both the National Assembly and the Senate, unlike earlier constitutions which had unicameral legislatures or different structures.

The Constitution of Pakistan was ratified and came into full effect on 14 August 1973, which is also Pakistan's Independence Day. This date is widely recognized and confirmed by authoritative sources including the Constitution of Pakistan itself and reputable encyclopedic references. Therefore, option A (14 August 1973) is the correct answer. The original explanation had a contradiction stating option B was correct, which is incorrect and has been fixed here.

In Pakistan, when the President is absent, the Chairman of the Senate serves as the acting President according to the Constitution. This ensures continuity of the presidency until the President returns or a new President is elected.

The Parliamentary Committee for the 18th Amendment in Pakistan consisted of 24 members. This committee was responsible for reviewing and recommending changes to the constitution, making option A the correct answer.

The Constitution of 1956 of Pakistan was inspired by the Westminster style parliamentary government, which is characterized by a parliamentary system with a prime minister and a ceremonial head of state, similar to the British model.

The Constitution of Pakistan of 1962 was abrogated by Army Chief General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan on 25th March 1969. This date is confirmed by multiple authoritative sources including Wikipedia and Dawn news archives. On this date, Yahya Khan imposed martial law, dissolved the parliament, and assumed the presidency and the role of Chief Martial Law Administrator. Therefore, the correct answer is option A: 25th March, 1969. The original question had the correct date in option A but incorrectly marked option C as the correct answer. This has been corrected accordingly.

Muhammad Ali Bogra played a significant role in the formation of Pakistan's first constitution as he was the Prime Minister during the drafting and promulgation of the 1956 Constitution. The other options did not have as direct an involvement in this process.

According to the Constitution of Pakistan promulgated in 1956, Pakistan became a republic and the office of Governor-General was abolished. The head of state was replaced by a President, who was elected by an Electoral College consisting of members of the National Assembly and the Provincial Assemblies. The President served as the ceremonial head of state, while executive powers were vested in the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. The first President under the 1956 Constitution was Iskander Mirza, who took office on 23 March 1956. Therefore, the correct answer is 'A' (President).

Islamabad was officially confirmed as the capital of Pakistan in the 1973 Constitution. Prior to that, Karachi was the capital, and Islamabad was developed in the 1960s but only formally declared the capital in 1973.

Hamid Khan is the author of "Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan," a well-known book covering Pakistan's constitutional development and political history. The other options are not associated with this book.