Pakistan Studies

As of 2026, the Constitution of Pakistan (1973) has been amended a total of 27 times. The 26th Amendment was passed recently in 2024, and the 27th Amendment was passed in 2025. Since the question asks for the total number of amendments passed by the Parliament, the closest and most accurate option given is 26 (option D). The 27th amendment is very recent and may not be reflected in all sources yet, but the question and options align best with 26 amendments passed. Therefore, option D remains correct with updated context.

The Lahore Resolution of 1940 was a formal political statement that called for independent states for Muslims in northwestern and eastern British India, which directly led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The other options were important events but did not specifically lead to Pakistan's creation.

Anarkali Bazaar in Lahore is renowned for its traditional items, including handicrafts, clothing, and cultural artifacts, making it the most famous traditional bazaar in the city.

Pakistan conducted its successful nuclear tests on 28 May 1998, known as Chagai-I, marking its entry into the group of nuclear-armed states.

Kanwal Nasir was the first woman anchor of PTV news, pioneering female news presentation in Pakistan Television. The other options are not historically recognized for this role.

The old name of Lahore is believed to be 'Lava-Pura,' which is derived from Lava, the son of the Hindu deity Rama, according to local legend and historical references. The other options refer to different places or are incorrect.

G.M. Syed was a prominent Sindhi nationalist and writer, and his work "Jesa Maine Dekha" is written in Sindhi. Therefore, the correct answer is Sindhi.

"Shah Latif’s Message" by G.M. Syed is known as a commentary on the poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, analyzing his spiritual and philosophical messages. The other books focus on different themes such as politics and religion.

The first digital census in Pakistan was conducted in 2023, marking a significant advancement in data collection methods by utilizing digital technology for the first time in the country's census history.

Gwadar Port is operated by the China Overseas Port Holding Company (COPHC), which manages the port under a lease agreement with Pakistan. This makes option C the correct answer.

According to the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the minimum voting age is 18 years. This is confirmed by the Constitution itself and the Election Commission of Pakistan's laws and orders. The original voting age was 21 in earlier laws, but the 1973 Constitution and subsequent amendments set it at 18 years. Therefore, option B (18) is the correct answer.

Kalabagh is a town located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is known for the Kalabagh Dam project proposal.

The National Cyber Crimes Investigation Agency (NCCIA) was officially established by the Government of Pakistan on 1 April 2024 to address cybercrime issues effectively.

The session of the All India Muslim League held at Allahabad in 1930 was presided over by Sir Aga Khan. This session is historically significant as it was where the demand for a separate Muslim state was formally articulated.

G.M. Syed's book titled 'Religion and Reality' (published in 1986) specifically discusses the relationship between religion and reality, making option C the correct answer.

The University of the Punjab, Lahore, established in 1882, is the oldest university in Pakistan. Other universities like the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and Sindh Madressatul Islam University were established later.

The third Khilafat Conference was held in Karachi in 1921, making option B the correct answer. This conference was significant in the Indian Muslim political movement against British rule.

Anatol Lieven is the author of "Pakistan: A Modern History," a well-known comprehensive book on Pakistan's history. The other options are authors of different works related to Pakistan but not this specific book.

Pakistan's Constitution does not specifically mention a 'clean environment' in Articles 7A, 8A, or 9A. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of these' as none of the listed articles address environmental cleanliness directly.

Friendship Gate is the border crossing located at Chaman, which connects Pakistan and Afghanistan. It is a well-known point of entry and trade between the two countries.

The Geneva Accord signed on April 14, 1988, was an agreement between Pakistan and Afghanistan aimed at resolving border disputes and promoting peace. Hence, Afghanistan is the correct answer.

The 1962 Constitution of Pakistan introduced a Presidential system of government, replacing the earlier parliamentary system. This system centralized executive power in the President.

The Tashkent Agreement was signed on February 10, 1966, between India and Pakistan to resolve the conflicts following the 1965 war. This date is historically accurate and widely recognized.

The Objective Resolution was presented by Liaquat Ali Khan in the Constituent Assembly on February 7, 1949, marking a significant step in Pakistan's constitutional development.

The petition in the Nusrat Bhutto case was filed under Article 199 of the Constitution of Pakistan, which empowers the High Courts to issue certain writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for other purposes.