Pakistan Studies

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in 1967. He played a key role in establishing the party as a major political force in Pakistan.

In Pakistan's civil service rules, the probation period of a civil servant can indeed be curtailed or extended based on performance or administrative decisions. Therefore, the statement is true.

Allama Muhammad Iqbal was born on 9 November 1877, not 1878. This date is well-documented in historical records and biographies.

Ghulam Muhammad Barrage is constructed on the Chenab River near Multan, Pakistan. Therefore, the correct answer is Chenab, not Indus.

The Federal Budget for FY 2019-2020 was passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on June 27, 2019, making option B the correct answer. The other dates are incorrect according to official parliamentary records.

Bahawalpur was the first princely state to accede to Pakistan in 1947, shortly after the creation of Pakistan. This makes option A the correct answer.

Dr. Qibla Ayaz is the current Chairman of the Council of Islamic Ideology (CII) of Pakistan. Muhammad Raghib Hussain Naeemi and Mufti Mohammad Zubair have held religious positions but are not the current chairmen. 'None of these' is incorrect as option B is correct.

A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that converts digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines and vice versa. This conversion allows digital data to be sent over analog communication channels.

The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 in Delhi, not Dhaka. This political party played a crucial role in the creation of Pakistan.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah resigned from the Indian National Congress in 1922, marking a significant shift in his political career towards advocating for Muslim interests separately.

Narendra Modi is the leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which is one of the major political parties in India. The option B is the closest correct answer despite a spelling error in the party name.

The 26th Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2019 was adopted by the National Assembly of Pakistan on 12 May 2019, making option A the correct answer.

Syed Jamal Uddin Afghani was a prominent thinker and political activist in the late 19th century, known for his efforts to promote Islamic modernism and unity among Muslims. He was not primarily known as a poet or simply as an Indian, making 'Thinker' the most accurate description.

The Khilafat Movement was initiated by the Ali Brothers, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali, to support the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I. They were the prominent leaders who mobilized Indian Muslims for this cause.

Pakistan geographically lies approximately between latitudes 24°N and 37°N. The southernmost point is near 24°N (Keti Bunder Wildlife Sanctuary) and the northernmost point is near 37°N (Kilik Pass in the Karakoram range). Therefore, option A (24°N to 37°N) correctly represents the latitude range of Pakistan. Option C (25°N to 36°N) is a narrower and less accurate range within the actual span.

Pakistan took its first structural adjustment package from the IMF in the late 1980s, not in 1958. None of the listed leaders (Zulfiqar Bhutto, Yahya Khan, Ayub Khan) were in power during that time. Therefore, 'None of these' is the correct answer.

The Himalayas are the youngest major mountain range on Earth, formed about 50 million years ago due to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. This makes them younger than the Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges.

The 26th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan increased the number of National Assembly seats reserved for tribal districts from 12 to 14, ensuring their representation is retained and slightly expanded.

The 18th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan officially renamed the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2010, reflecting the identity of the Pashtun majority in the region.

The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, and rivers, and does not include the atmosphere. The exosphere, mesosphere, and troposphere are all layers of the Earth's atmosphere.

Syed Ameer Ali established the All India Muslim League in London in 1907, making option B the correct answer. The other years are incorrect based on historical records.

Laika was the first animal to orbit the Earth, launched aboard Sputnik 2 by the Soviet Union in 1957. She was a dog, making her the first living creature to travel into space.

Pakistan's largest solar wall with a capacity of 410 kilowatts was inaugurated at UET Taxila, not UET Lahore. This makes option A correct. The other options do not match the known location of this solar wall project.

Pakistan and India officially joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as full members on June 11, 2018. Therefore, option A is correct, while option B is incorrect.

Abdul Qadir was the first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan, appointed in 1948. The other options are incorrect as Zahid Hussain and Sikandar Mirza did not hold this position first.