Pakistan Studies

Pakistan purchased the Gwadar enclave from Oman in 1958 after four years of negotiations. The purchase was finalized on 8 September 1958 for approximately US$3 million, and Gwadar officially became part of Pakistan on 8 December 1958. China did not sell Gwadar to Pakistan; rather, China is involved in the development and operation of the Gwadar port under a lease agreement. Therefore, the correct answer is Oman, not China.

Earth completes one full rotation on its axis in approximately 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.9 seconds, which is known as a sidereal day. This is the true rotation period relative to distant stars, differing slightly from the 24-hour solar day.

Fatima Bhutto is the daughter of Murtaza Bhutto, who was a prominent Pakistani politician and the son of former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. This makes option C the correct answer.

Chandrayaan-2, the Indian lunar mission, was launched on 22 July 2019. Therefore, option C is incorrect, and option B is the correct launch date.

Fahmida Mirza was elected as the first woman Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 19 March 2008, making option A the correct answer.

Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere as a result of combustion, which is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Oxygen is consumed, not produced, during this process, and hydrogen is not a primary product of fossil fuel combustion.

Vitamin B-2, also known as riboflavin, is found in a variety of foods including organ meats, milk, and eggs. Therefore, 'All of the above' is the correct answer.

A barometer is an instrument specifically designed to measure atmospheric pressure, which helps in weather forecasting and altitude determination.

Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, specifically in the area of Liaquat Bagh. Since Rawalpindi is option A, it is the correct answer. However, option D 'None of these' is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer should be A, not D.

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad founded and issued the Urdu newspaper Al-Hilal in 1912, which was known for its nationalist views during the Indian independence movement.

Muhammad Shahabuddin served as the Chief Justice of Pakistan for a very brief period, making him the shortest-serving Chief Justice. The other options had longer tenures.

The voter turnout in Pakistan's General Election 2018 was approximately 56.2%, making option C the correct answer. This figure is based on official election commission data and widely reported statistics.

The Pakistani Army Chief during the 1965 war was General Tikka Khan. Gul Hassan was a later army chief, and Ayub Khan was the President of Pakistan at that time, not the army chief.

The first adult franchise elections in Pakistan were held in 1962 under the regime of Ayub Khan, marking the first time all adult citizens were allowed to vote regardless of property or literacy qualifications. The 1970 elections were the first general elections under universal adult suffrage but not the first adult franchise elections overall.

By-elections for National and Provincial Assembly seats were held on 15th October 2018 in 30 constituencies across Pakistan. This number is confirmed by official election commission reports and news sources from that period.

In the 2018 General Elections of Pakistan, 8 women candidates were directly elected to the National Assembly through general seats. This is a well-documented fact in election reports and official results.

Liaqat Ali Khan was not a minister in any Indian cabinet such as Nehru's, Gandhi's, or Patel's. He was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan after its independence in 1947. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of these.'

Operation Rad-ul-Fasad was launched under the leadership of General Raheel Sharif, who was the Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan at that time. General Qamar Javed Bajwa took over later, so option B is correct.

Ibn Khaldun was born in Tunis, which is in present-day Tunisia, part of the Maghreb region of North Africa. While Tunisia is a separate country from Morocco, both are in the Maghreb region. The question options do not include Tunisia, so the closest correct option geographically and culturally is 'Morocco'. Ibn Khaldun's family originally came from Andalusia (Spain) but settled in North Africa after the Reconquista. Therefore, the answer 'A' (Morocco) is acceptable given the options provided, though technically he was born in Tunis, Tunisia.

Pakistan adopted the decimal currency system on 1 January 1961, replacing the earlier rupee-anna-paisa structure. The new decimal coinage was based on the rupee divided into 100 paisas, with 1-, 5-, and 10-paisa coins issued in 1961 and 25- and 50-paisa coins following in 1963. Therefore, the correct answer is option A (1961).

Pakistan is planning to start construction on multiple mega dams, including Diamer Bhasha and Mohmand dams, making option C (Both) the correct answer.

The Delhi Proposal, associated with Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, advocated for the abolition of separate electorates to promote unity among communities. Therefore, 'Separate Electorates' is the correct answer as it was foregone in the proposal.

The Shimla Agreement between India and Pakistan was signed on 2 July 1972. This is confirmed by multiple authoritative sources including Wikipedia, Britannica, and reputable news outlets. The agreement was signed by Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto following the 1971 India-Pakistan war. Therefore, the correct answer is B (1972), not C (1973).

Narendra Modi belongs to the Modh-Ghanchi community, which is traditionally associated with oil pressing and classified as an Other Backward Class (OBC) in Gujarat and India. The traditional four-fold Hindu caste system includes Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra varnas. The Ghanchi community is considered a sub-caste within the broader Shudra varna, but the options given (Ghanchi, Sudras, Vesh) do not accurately reflect this classification. 'Vesh' is not a recognized varna or caste category. Therefore, 'None of these' is the most accurate answer among the options provided.

The United Kingdom and the United States of America are separated by the Atlantic Ocean, which lies between the east coast of the USA and the west coast of Europe, including the UK.