General Knowledge

International Mountain Day is observed every year on 11 December to raise awareness about the importance of mountains to life.

International Civil Aviation Day is observed annually on 7 December to recognize the importance of international civil aviation to the social and economic development of countries.

World Disability Day, also known as the International Day of Persons with Disabilities, is observed every year on 3rd December to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities.

The Digboi refinery in Assam, India, is recognized as the world's oldest operating oil refinery, established in 1901. It has been continuously functioning since then, making it historically significant in the oil industry.

The Umbrella Movement was a pro-democracy protest that took place in Hong Kong in 2014, where protesters used umbrellas as a symbol of resistance against police actions.

The Urdu alphabet consists of 38 letters, which are derived from the Persian script and adapted for Urdu phonetics. Therefore, the correct number of alphabets in the Urdu language is 38.

A digital device is an electronic device that processes and stores data in digital form, typically using binary code. It includes devices like smartphones, computers, tablets, and servers. While the term 'digital device' primarily relates to technology, it also impacts socio-economic differences in the technology era, as access to and use of digital devices can influence social and economic opportunities. Among the given options, 'Socio-economic difference technology era' (Option D) best captures the broader context of digital devices' relevance beyond just technology itself, encompassing their societal impact.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (often referred to simply as Congo) is the world's largest producer of cobalt, supplying over 60% of global production. This makes option D the correct answer.

Mikhail Kalashnikov is credited with inventing the AK-47 assault rifle, which is named after him (Avtomat Kalashnikova 1947). The other options are unrelated inventors or figures.

The Federal Security Service (FSB) is the principal security agency of Russia, responsible for counterintelligence, internal and border security, counter-terrorism, and surveillance. Therefore, the correct answer is Russia.

The slogan “One People, One State, One Leader” is associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime, emphasizing totalitarian control under a single leader.

The flag of Kosovo features six white five-pointed stars arranged in an arc above a gold-colored map of Kosovo on a blue field. Each star represents one of the six major ethnic groups in Kosovo: Albanians, Serbs, Bosniaks, Turks, Romani, and Gorani. Therefore, the correct number of white stars on the flag is six, corresponding to option B.

Both 'The Heros of Sindh' and 'Struggle for New Sindh' are works authored by GM Syed, a prominent Sindhi nationalist and political leader. This makes option B the correct answer.

The last human Guru in Sikhism was Guru Gobind Singh, who was the tenth Guru. He ended the line of human Gurus and established the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru.

The boundary line between Germany and Poland is known as the Oder-Neisse Line. It was established after World War II as the border between the two countries. The other options refer to different historical or geographical lines unrelated to the Germany-Poland border.

Basmati is a variety of long-grain rice known for its distinctive aroma and flavor, commonly grown in the Indian subcontinent.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were both established as a result of the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944, which aimed to create a framework for international economic cooperation after World War II.

Archaeological evidence from the Indus Valley Civilization suggests that they worshiped a Mother Goddess figure, symbolizing fertility and nature, which is supported by numerous figurines found at excavation sites.

The clock is the oldest invention among the options listed. Mechanical clocks date back to the 13th century, whereas the microscope was invented in the late 16th century, the barometer in the 17th century, and the bicycle in the 19th century.

World AIDS Day is observed annually on 1 December to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS and to remember those who have died from the disease.

The World Development Report is an annual report published by the World Bank that analyzes development issues and provides policy recommendations. None of the other organizations listed publish this report.

The Baloch Regiment of the Pakistan Army has been awarded the maximum number of Nishan-e-Haider, Pakistan's highest military award for bravery. This distinguishes it from other regiments such as the Punjab, Sindh, and Pakhtunkhwa Regiments.

The 1997 Ottawa Convention, also known as the Mine Ban Treaty, aims to eliminate anti-personnel landmines worldwide by banning their use, stockpiling, production, and transfer. Option A correctly states the treaty's purpose as a worldwide ban on anti-personnel mines.

The book 'The Economy of Modern Sindh' is authored by Dr. Hamida Khuhro, a well-known historian and scholar on Sindh's history and economy. Therefore, option A is correct.

Karachi is known as the Gateway of Pakistan because it is the country's largest city and main seaport, serving as a major economic and transportation hub.