Islamic Studies

Hazrat Hajra (Hagar) is recognized in Islamic tradition as the wife (or concubine) of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) and the mother of Hazrat Ismail (AS). She is traditionally considered to have been from the Egyptian royal family, often described as the daughter or princess of the Pharaoh of Egypt. This is supported by Islamic historical sources and scholarly interpretations. Hazrat Sara (Sarah) was also a wife of Ibrahim but is not described as the Pharaoh's daughter. Therefore, option B is correct.

According to Islamic tradition, Prophet Ibrahim (AS) was given 2 Saheefas (scriptures). Therefore, the correct answer is 2, not 3.

Hazrat Shees (AS) is traditionally considered the youngest son of Hazrat Adam (AS) in Islamic teachings. Haroot and Maroot are angels mentioned in the Quran, not sons of Adam (AS).

Khaybar was historically a Jewish stronghold before being conquered by Muslims in the Battle of Khaybar in 628 CE. The oasis had been inhabited by Jewish tribes who had fortified settlements and castles. The Muslim forces led by Prophet Muhammad besieged and captured these fortresses. After the conquest, the Jews were allowed to remain on the land under Muslim rule on the condition of paying tribute, until they were eventually expelled under Caliph Umar. Therefore, Khaybar was originally a Jewish stronghold, not a Muslim one. The correct answer is 'None of these' because the options 'Muslims', 'Jews', and 'Hindus' do not accurately reflect the historical status of Khaybar as a Jewish stronghold prior to Muslim conquest.

Ijtihad refers to the process of independent reasoning or exertion of effort by a qualified Islamic scholar to interpret or deduce legal rulings from the sources of Islamic law. It does not mean 'Conclusion' or 'Consensus'. Therefore, 'None of these' is the correct answer.

Mudarabah is an Islamic finance concept where one party provides capital and the other provides expertise, and profits are shared according to a pre-agreed ratio. Therefore, it primarily relates to profit-sharing rather than just investment.

The four primary sources of Islamic law (Sharia) are the Quran, Hadith, Ijma (consensus), and Qiyas (analogical reasoning). Qiyas is considered the fourth source after Quran, Hadith, and Ijma, making option C correct.

According to Islamic teachings, one-fifth (1/5) of the war spoils, known as 'Khums', is to be deposited in Bait-ul-Mal (the public treasury) for distribution among specific groups such as the poor and orphans. This is a well-established rule in Islamic jurisprudence.

Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA) established a legacy of ensuring that officers and officials received a fixed and fair salary, which was a pioneering administrative reform to maintain justice and prevent corruption.

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had four sons: Qasim, Abdullah (also known as Tayyib and Tahir), Ibrahim, and one more son who died in infancy. Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

The first major battle between the Muslims and the non-Muslims (Kaffars) was the Battle of Badr (Ghazwa e Badar), fought on 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan 2 AH). It was a significant and decisive battle where the Muslims, led by Prophet Muhammad, defeated the Quraysh army. Ghazwa e Abwa was a smaller expedition before Badr and is not considered the first major battle. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Tafseer Darul Mansoor (also spelled Dur-e-Mansoor) is a classical Quranic commentary written by Imam Jalal ud Din Suyuti, a renowned 15th-century Egyptian Islamic scholar. It is not authored by Jala ud Din Rumi. Therefore, the correct answer is B, Jalal ud Din Sayuti.

The first Azan was called out during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Mecca before the Hijri calendar started. It was introduced by Bilal ibn Rabah as the call to prayer. Since the Hijri calendar begins from the migration (Hijra) to Medina, the first Azan predates 1 Hijri, so none of the given Hijri years are correct.

Fatwa Kazi Khan is a well-known collection of fatwas associated with the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh Hanafi). It is considered authentic within this sect, making option A correct.

The term 'Hadith' is derived from the Arabic root ḥ-d-th (ح-د-ث), which originally means 'to happen' or 'to occur.' By extension, it also means 'to speak,' 'to converse,' or 'a talk or report.' In pre-Islamic Arabic, 'hadith' referred to ordinary speech or small talk, and the noun simply meant 'a saying' or 'a piece of news.' When the early Muslim community began collecting the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad, they used this existing word to denote those narrated reports. Therefore, the root of the term 'Hadith' is indeed the root ḥ-d-th itself, making option A correct. Option B 'Tahadith' is a verb form related to speaking or narrating but is not the root itself.

Prophet Muhammad (SAW) worked as a shepherd in his early life, tending the livestock of his uncle Abu Talib. He belonged to the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. The Banu Saad was a different tribe and not the one he worked for as a shepherd. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None of these' since the options A, B, and C are incorrect tribes in this context.

According to Islamic jurisprudence, Zakat on camels becomes obligatory when a person owns at least 5 camels. For every 5 camels, one sheep or goat is due as Zakat. If the number of camels is less than 5, no Zakat is obligatory. This is supported by scholarly consensus and classical Islamic sources, including fatwas from recognized Islamic jurisprudence authorities. Therefore, the correct answer is B (5 Camels).

Ijma (consensus) operates in Islamic law when the Quran and Hadith do not provide clear guidance on a particular issue, allowing scholars to reach a consensus to address the matter. It is not dependent on the presence or absence of Shoora (consultation council).

Historical Islamic sources and traditional accounts indicate that Hazrat Umar (RA) embraced Islam after hearing the recitation of Surah Taha. The story narrates that he came to his sister's house, where he heard the recitation of this Surah from a scroll. Moved by its message, he took a bath and read it himself, which deeply influenced him to accept Islam. Surah At-Tawbah (option B) is not historically linked to his conversion. Therefore, the correct answer is Surah Taha (option A).

There are six Surahs in the Quran named after animals: Al-Baqarah (The Cow), Al-An'am (The Cattle), An-Nahl (The Bees), An-Naml (The Ants), Al-Ankabut (The Spider), and Al-Fil (The Elephant). The original question's explanation missed An-Nahl (The Bees), which is also named after an animal. Therefore, the correct answer is 6.

According to Islamic jurisprudence, the nisab (minimum threshold) for zakat on goats (and sheep) is 40 animals. There is no zakat due if one owns fewer than 40 goats. Once the number reaches 40, zakat becomes obligatory, and the owner must give 1 goat as zakat for 40 to 120 goats owned. The zakat amount increases with the number of goats owned, but the minimum number for zakat obligation (nisab) is 40 goats.

Wine (alcohol) was prohibited in the 4th Hijri year according to Islamic history, as revealed in the Quran and Hadith. This prohibition is well-documented and accepted in Islamic teachings.

The Police Department, as a formal institution for law enforcement, is historically attributed to Hazrat Umar (RA) during his caliphate, where he established organized policing systems to maintain law and order. This is a recognized fact in Islamic history.

The first Eid ul-Fitr was performed in 1 Hijri, immediately after the month of Ramadan ended in the first year of the Islamic calendar. Therefore, option A is correct.

Sultan bin Salman Al Saud was the first Muslim astronaut, flying aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1985. The other options are not known astronauts.