History

Mesopotamia is the ancient Greek name for the region largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This area is historically significant as the cradle of early civilization.

The Khilji dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate approximately from 1290 to 1320, making option A correct. The Mamluk dynasty preceded it, and the Saddat is not a recognized dynasty in this context.

The Tehran Conference took place in 1943, where Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met to discuss military strategy and post-war peace arrangements, making 1943 the correct year.

The book titled "The Punjab Chiefs" was written by Lepel H. Griffin, who documented the history and biographies of prominent Punjabi leaders. This makes option D the correct answer.

The Ulster Unionists are a political group in Northern Ireland that supports remaining part of the United Kingdom, thus wanting to retain British rule. Sinn Féin and the Irish Republican Army historically sought to end British rule and unify Ireland.

When the Indian Muslim League joined the Interim Government in 1946, Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed as the Home Minister, not the Finance Minister. This was a significant position reflecting his political stature at the time.

The Bofors scandal was a major political scandal in India during the 1980s involving allegations of kickbacks in a defense deal between the Indian government and the Swedish arms manufacturer Bofors AB. Hence, the scandal is associated with India.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine inherited nuclear weapons and subsequently signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) to denuclearize. The other countries listed did not inherit nuclear weapons from the USSR.

Mohenjo-daro is an ancient archaeological site whose name means 'Mound of the Dead' in Sindhi, referring to the large mounds of ruins found there.

The Daily Dawn newspaper was published from Karachi in 1942. Karachi was the city of its origin during that period, not Delhi or Lahore.

The British decision to grant independence to India was influenced by multiple factors including the rise of Indian nationalism, changes in the British government, and the impact of World War II, which weakened Britain's ability to maintain its empire. Therefore, 'All of these' is the correct answer.

MAO School was upgraded to the status of a college in 1879, not 1877. This is a well-documented historical fact regarding the establishment of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, which later became Aligarh Muslim University.

Amir Muawiya I transferred the capital of the Islamic Caliphate from Kufa to Damascus to consolidate his power and establish a strong administrative center. Damascus then became the political and cultural center of the Umayyad Caliphate.

The Royal Air Force (RAF) of Great Britain, established on April 1, 1918, is recognized as the world's first independent air force, separate from army or navy control. This makes option A the correct answer.

Archaeological evidence shows that the Indus Valley Civilization sites are primarily found from Peshawar in the west to Delhi in the east, covering a broad area of present-day Pakistan and northwest India. Kabul and Kandhar are outside the main distribution area of these sites.

The old name of Ethiopia was 'Abbasinya' or 'Abyssinia,' which was used historically to refer to the Ethiopian Empire. The other options refer to different historical regions or cities unrelated to Ethiopia.

World War 1 lasted from 1914 to 1918, which is a total of 4 years. Therefore, the correct answer is 4 years.

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are traditionally believed to have been constructed around 600 BC during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. While exact dates are debated, 600 BC is the most commonly accepted approximate date.

Mohenjo-daro is an ancient archaeological site located in the Larkana District of Sindh, Pakistan. It lies on the right bank of the lower Indus River, about 28 kilometers from the town of Larkana. It is not located in Jamshoro or Dadu districts. Therefore, the correct answer is A (Larkana). The original question's correct answer was incorrectly marked as C (Jamshoro), which is factually incorrect.

Daylight Saving Time (DST) was first widely implemented during World War I to conserve fuel by reducing the need for artificial lighting. This makes option A correct.

The Lucknow Pact (میثاق لکھنو) was an agreement reached in December 1916 between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League to present a united front to the British government, agreeing on separate electorates and increased representation for Indians. This pact is historically significant as a joint political agreement between the two parties.

The city of Ankara, the capital of Turkey, was historically known as Angora. This name was used especially during the Ottoman period and is still associated with the famous Angora wool and Angora rabbits.

Muhammad Ali Johar studied at Cambridge University, not Aligarh University. He was a prominent leader and scholar who pursued higher education in England at Cambridge.

Napoleon was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by the allied forces of Britain and Prussia in 1815. Italy and Germany were not the primary forces responsible for his final defeat.

World War II started in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland, triggering the war. Therefore, option B is correct.