History

Jabir bin Hayyan is widely regarded as the father of chemistry due to his pioneering work in alchemy and the development of early chemical processes. The other options are notable scholars but not credited with founding chemistry.

Trygve Lie was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations, serving from 1946 to 1952. Dag Hammarskjold was the second Secretary-General, and Kurt Waldheim served later as the fourth. Therefore, option A is correct.

Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009, primarily for his efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples. The year 2009 is the correct answer as it marks when he received the prize, not the year he won it for a specific achievement.

K K Aziz is the author of the book "Making of Pakistan," which is a well-known historical account of the creation of Pakistan. The other options are not associated with this book.

Rohtas Fort near Jhelum was built by Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century as a military fortification. This is a well-documented historical fact, making option B correct.

Persia officially changed its name to Iran in 1935, as requested by Reza Shah Pahlavi to reflect the native name of the country.

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes connecting East Asia with the Mediterranean, involving many countries including China, India, Iran, and others. It does not specifically connect only two countries as the options suggest, so 'None of these' is the most accurate choice.

The Shalimar Gardens were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the 17th century. He is known for commissioning several famous architectural works, including the Taj Mahal and Shalimar Gardens, reflecting the zenith of Mughal garden design.

The title 'Sher-e-Bangla' (meaning 'Tiger of Bengal') was famously given to Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq, a prominent Bengali statesman and the first and longest-serving Prime Minister of Bengal under British rule. He is widely recognized by this title, and the Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium in Dhaka is named in his honor. The other options, including Mohsin ul Mulk and Shakib ul Hassan, are not associated with this title. Therefore, the correct answer is C (Fazal ul Haq), with the correct spelling being A.K. Fazlul Huq.

Umar bin Abdul Aziz ruled the Umayyad dynasty approximately from 99 AH to 101 AH, which corresponds to about 2 years and 8 months (roughly 32 months). Among the given options, 40 months is the closest and most accurate duration to his actual rule period.

Greenland was discovered by Icelandic Vikings, specifically Erik the Red, around the late 10th century. Ibn Battuta did not discover Greenland; he was a Moroccan explorer known for travels in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.

Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham is widely regarded as the 'Father of Modern Optics' due to his pioneering work in the study of optics and vision, particularly his book 'Kitab al-Manazir' which laid the foundations of the modern scientific method in optics.

Sri Lanka was formerly known as Ceylon during the period of British colonial rule until 1972 when it officially changed its name to Sri Lanka. The other options are unrelated to Sri Lanka's historical names.

The Urdu-Hindi controversy began in 1867 when debates arose over whether Hindi or Urdu should be the official language in certain regions of India. This year marks the start of the linguistic and cultural conflict between the two languages.

Dhaka was formerly spelled as 'Dacca' during the British colonial period, making option A correct. The other options are incorrect spellings or irrelevant.

The first annual meeting of the All India Muslim League was held in Lahore in 1907, not Karachi. Lahore was a significant center for the League's activities during its early years.

Sikandar Ali Mirza, the Governor-General of Pakistan at the time, dismissed the government of Khawaja Nazim ud Din in 1953. Malik Ghulam Muhammad was the Finance Minister then, and M. Ali Bogra became Prime Minister later, so option A is correct.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah presented his famous 14 points in 1929 as a response to the Nehru Report. These points outlined the political rights and constitutional safeguards for Muslims in British India. The 14 points were formally introduced at the All-India Muslim League council meeting held on 9 March 1929, with the address to delegates on 28 March 1929. Therefore, the correct year is 1929, which corresponds to option A.

The All India Muslim League was founded on 30 December 1906 in Dhaka (then Dacca), British India. This is confirmed by multiple authoritative sources including Wikipedia and Britannica. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, 30 December 1906. Option B (30 November 1906) is incorrect.

"The Clash of Civilizations" is a well-known political science book written by Samuel P. Huntington, which discusses post-Cold War global conflicts based on cultural and civilizational differences.

Muhammad Ali Johar died in 1931, before the Second Round Table Conference held in 1931. Allama Iqbal and Rehmat Ali were alive during that time. Therefore, the correct answer is Muhammad Ali Johar.

The first president of the All India Muslim League was Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah, known as Aga Khan III. He was a founding member and served as the League's first president when it was established in 1906. Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk was an important leader but not the first president. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, Sir Agha Khan (Aga Khan III).

The All India Muslim League was founded on 30 December 1906 in Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) during the 20th session of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference. This is confirmed by multiple authoritative sources including Wikipedia, Vajiram & Ravi UPSC notes, and Encyclopedia.com. Therefore, the correct answer is option C, 30 December 1906, not 30 November 1906 (option B) or 30 August 1947 (option A).

The Han dynasty was founded by Liu Bang after the collapse of the Qin (Chin) dynasty. Liu Bang later became Emperor Gaozu of Han, establishing the dynasty that lasted for several centuries.

The Nehru Report was prepared under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru in 1928 as a response to the Simon Commission, proposing constitutional reforms for India.