History

Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were PhD students at Stanford University. The other options are founders of different technology companies.

Yahoo was founded in 1994 by Jerry Yang and David Filo while they were graduate students at Stanford University. The other options refer to founders of different tech companies.

The transistor was invented in 1947 at Bell Laboratories by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, marking a pivotal moment in electronics and computing history.

John Ambrose Fleming invented the first vacuum tube diode, known as the Fleming valve, in 1904. This invention was crucial for early electronics and radio technology.

Charles Babbage invented the Difference Engine in 1822 as an early mechanical calculator designed to compute polynomial functions.

John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert were the inventors of the ENIAC computer, completed in 1946. The other options refer to notable figures in computing history but are unrelated to ENIAC's invention.

Charles Babbage, known as the 'father of the computer,' was a British mathematician and inventor who conceptualized the first mechanical computer, the Analytical Engine, in Britain.

Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine in 1837, which was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer. The Difference Engine was an earlier design by Babbage for calculating polynomial functions, but the Analytical Engine was the more advanced machine designed in 1837.

Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, an early mechanical calculator, in 1642. This invention is historically documented as one of the first mechanical adding machines.

The abacus is believed to have been invented by the ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia around 5000 years ago, making it one of the earliest known calculating devices. The Greeks later adopted and named it 'abax,' meaning 'board' or 'calculating table.' While the Egyptians, Chinese, and Indians also used versions of the abacus, the earliest invention is credited to the Sumerians (ancient Mesopotamians), not the Egyptians. Therefore, the correct answer is the Greeks, reflecting the term's origin and the Mediterranean adoption of the device, though the invention itself traces back to Mesopotamia.

The Egyptian civilization developed and implemented the first solar calendar, which was based on the annual heliacal rising of the star Sirius and the solar year of approximately 365 days. This calendar was more accurate than earlier lunar calendars and influenced later calendar systems.

Blue jeans were invented in the 1860s by Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis, who patented the design in 1873. Therefore, the correct time period for their invention is the 1860s.

The study of ancient writings is called paleography, which involves analyzing old handwriting and scripts. 'Annals' are historical records, 'calligraphy' is the art of beautiful handwriting, and 'archeology' is the study of human history through excavation, not specifically writings.

The microwave oven was invented in 1945 by Percy Spencer, an American engineer working at Raytheon. He discovered the heating effect of microwaves accidentally when a candy bar in his pocket melted near a magnetron. He then experimented with cooking food using microwaves and filed a patent for the microwave cooking process in 1945. The first commercial microwave oven was introduced in 1947. Therefore, the question 'When was the microwave invented?' is factually answered by the year 1945, which corresponds to option A as the correct answer if it were properly phrased with a date. However, the original options given in the question are incomplete and ungrammatical, so the question and options need correction to be meaningful. The verified fact is that the microwave was invented in 1945 by Percy Spencer.

The term 'Graveyard of Empires' is commonly used to describe Afghanistan due to its history of resisting foreign invasions by major powers such as the British Empire and the Soviet Union.

The East India Company occupied Punjab in 1849 after defeating the Sikh Empire in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. This led to the annexation of Punjab into British India.

Sir John Marshall was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India who ordered and supervised the excavation of Mohenjo-daro in 1922, leading to the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization.

The Minto-Morley Reforms of 1909 introduced separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims in British India, allowing Muslims to elect their representatives separately. Montagu Reforms came later and did not introduce separate electorates.

Lord Mountbatten arrived in Delhi as the new Viceroy of India on February 22, 1947. This date is historically documented as the start of his tenure overseeing the final phase of British rule in India.

Lahore was not originally founded by any of the Mughal emperors listed. According to historical and traditional accounts, Lahore's origins are attributed to the Hindu legend of Lava, son of Rama, and the city existed long before the Mughal period. However, among the given options, Shah Jahan is most associated with significant architectural development in Lahore, including the Shalimar Gardens and enhancements to the Lahore Fort. Akbar began the construction of the Lahore Fort and expanded the city walls, Jahangir ruled the city, and Humayun was an earlier Mughal emperor but less associated with Lahore's development. Therefore, while Shah Jahan did not build Lahore originally, he is credited with major construction projects that shaped the city's iconic Mughal architecture, making option A the best answer in this context.

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq was the founder and the first emperor of the Tughluq dynasty, establishing his rule in the early 14th century. The other options are either from different dynasties or incorrect names.

The Bhoodan Movement was launched by Vinoba Bhave in 1951 as a voluntary land reform movement where landowners were persuaded to donate a portion of their land to landless people.

The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764. This battle was a significant event in Indian history where the British East India Company defeated the combined forces of Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim, and Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula.

The Indian Councils Act of 1861 enlarged the Executive Council of the Governor General by three members, allowing for more Indian representation in the council.

The first modern census in India was conducted non-synchronously between 1865 and 1872 during the period of Lord Mayo, culminating in 1872. The first fully synchronous (coordinated across the entire country) census was conducted in 1881 under Lord Ripon. Lord Canning's period ended before these censuses. Therefore, the correct answer is 'None' of the given options (A, B, or C).