Islamic Studies

Islam is based on the Quran, which is the holy book, and the Sunnah, which are the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad. These form the foundation of Islamic beliefs and laws, rather than political laws or customs.

The basic pillars of Islam are five in number, known as the Five Pillars of Islam, which are fundamental acts of worship and the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice.

Al-Muwatta is a famous collection of hadith and Islamic jurisprudence compiled by Imam Malik ibn Anas. It is one of the earliest and most respected books in Islamic tradition.

In Islamic theology, 'Toheed' (Tawhid) refers to the oneness of God, while 'Shirk' is the opposite concept, meaning associating partners with God or polytheism. Therefore, the correct opposite of Toheed is Shirk.

The basic pillars of Islam, known as the Five Pillars, are fundamental acts of worship and practice in Islam. These five pillars are Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

Option A correctly reflects the Quran as a source of moral clarity because it emphasizes ethical decisions guided by Quranic values, which pertains to moral guidance rather than mere ritualistic practice or recognition. The other options focus on ritualistic or superficial aspects, not moral clarity.

Al-Muwatta is a famous collection of hadith and Islamic jurisprudence compiled by Imam Malik. It is one of the earliest and most respected works in Islamic literature.

Islam is based on the Quran, which is the holy book of Islam, and the Sunnah, which refers to the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad. These two sources form the foundation of Islamic beliefs and laws.

The camel on which the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) traveled is named Qaswa. This is a well-known fact in Islamic history and tradition.

In Islamic theology, 'Tawheed' (or 'Toheed') refers to the oneness of God, while 'Shirk' is the opposite concept, meaning associating partners with God. Therefore, the opposite of Tawheed is Shirk.

Option A correctly reflects the Quran as a source of moral clarity because it emphasizes ethical decisions guided by Quranic values, which goes beyond mere ritual practice or identity. The other options focus on ritualistic or superficial engagement without moral impact.

Al-Muwatta is a famous collection of hadith and Islamic jurisprudence compiled by Imam Malik. It is one of the earliest and most respected works in Islamic literature, making Imam Malik the correct author.

There are five basic pillars of Islam, which are fundamental acts of worship and the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice. These pillars are Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

Islam is fundamentally based on the Quran, which is the holy book, and the Sunnah, which comprises the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad. These two sources form the primary foundation of Islamic beliefs and laws.

The basic pillars of Islam are five in number, known as the Five Pillars of Islam, which are fundamental acts of worship and the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice.

The Battle of Badr (Ghazwa e Badr) took place in the 2nd year after Hijra, which corresponds to 2 Hijri (2 AH). This is confirmed by multiple authoritative Islamic history sources stating the battle occurred on 17 Ramadan, 2 AH. Therefore, the correct answer is A, not B.

In Islam, there are five obligatory (fard) prayers each day: Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha. This is a fundamental aspect of Islamic practice.

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) had two sons, Qasim and Abdullah, both of whom died in infancy. Therefore, the correct answer is 2.

According to authentic Hadith, the best person among all is the one who has knowledge of the Quran, as it guides righteous behavior and understanding of Islam. This is supported by numerous sayings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Istelam is the act of greeting or saluting the Hajre Aswad (Black Stone) during the Tawaf around the Kaaba. It involves saying 'Salam' (peace) to the Hajre Aswad, not kissing it directly. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Salam to Hajre Aswad'.

The Battle of Badr (Ghazwa e Badar) took place in the 2nd year after Hijrah (2 AH). It occurred on the 17th of Ramadan in 2 AH, which corresponds to 13 March 624 CE. Therefore, the correct answer is A (2 Hijri).

Abu Jahl was a prominent opponent of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and is historically known for his hostility and for urging the Quraysh tribe to take collective action against the Prophet, including the suggestion to kill him by attacking all at once. This aligns with historical Islamic sources on the opposition faced by the Prophet.

Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) was appointed by Caliph Abu Bakr (R.A) to collect and compile the Quran into a single book form after the Battle of Yamama, ensuring the preservation of the Quranic text.

The first formal treaty made by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with a non-Muslim community was the Constitution of Medina (also known as the Charter or Treaty of Medina) in 622 CE. This treaty was an agreement between the Muslim emigrants from Mecca (Muhajirun), the native Muslim helpers of Medina (Ansar), the Jewish tribes of Medina (Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayza), and the pagan Arab tribes of Medina. It established a multi-religious political community (the ummah) with mutual obligations including defense, religious freedom, and dispute resolution. The treaty with the Christian community of Abyssinia (modern Ethiopia) was not a formal treaty but rather a historical migration and protection granted to early Muslims. The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the Quraysh of Mecca came later in 628 CE. Therefore, the correct answer is "None of these" since the options Abyssinia, Madina, and Makkah do not accurately represent the first treaty with a non-Muslim community as described. The Constitution of Medina included non-Muslim communities but was not a treaty with a single external non-Muslim community like Abyssinia.

The literal meaning of 'Salawt' (or 'Salat') in Arabic is 'prayer.' It specifically refers to the Islamic ritual prayer and does not literally mean communication or contract. Therefore, option C is correct.